Brown adipose tissue in adults as a study target in the development of new therapies for the management and treatment of obesity: an integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v100i5p460-471Keywords:
Brown adipose tissue, Adipocytes, Thermogenesis, ObesityAbstract
Introduction: The brown adipose tissue was first evidenced in animals and later in humans being its main function the thermoregulation process. From this, possibilities of this auxiliary tissue in the control of body mass are investigated, in order to reach new perspectives in the treatment of obesity, a pandemic of today. Objective: To understand brown adipose tissue and address hypotheses that characterize its contribution to the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Materials and Methods: An integrative review was performed in which the keywords brown adipose tissue, obesity, thermogenesis, uncoupling protein 1, UCP were used in the PubMed® and Google Scholar databases. In all, 19 articles and 4 books referring to the histology, cell biology and physiology sciences support the review. Discussion: Adipose tissue is present throughout the human body and causes significant effects on the body’s physiology and pathophysiology. The adipocytes that compose it present histological, biocellular and distribution differences and are subdivided into unilocular and multilocular. Multilocular cells form brown fat that is able to regulate energy expenditure through adaptive thermogenesis via an uncoupling protein (UCP). With this knowledge, we look for relationships between adipose tissue composed of unilocular cells, which is responsible for the development of obesity, and brown adipose tissue. In this context, among the study possibilities there are the factors that influence the tissue expression of the uncoupling protein and increase the chemical thermogenesis, there is the control of the energy balance, also, the capacity of brown adipocytes to sequester the succinate (flavoprotein that has acute control over thermogenesis) of the circulation. Conclusion: It was possible to understand the multifunctionality and the physical and chemical characteristics of the brown adipose tissue, and this tissue was recognized as one of the potential study targets given the epidemiological singularity of obesity and its treatment history.
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