Main clinical factors related to patients with incarcerated hernia

Abstract

Introduction: Incarcerated inguinal hernia constitutes a surgical emergency characterized by the inability to reduce herniated contents and the risk of intestinal ischemia. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with incarcerated inguinal hernia, identifying the main clinical factors associated with unfavorable outcomes. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study conducted with 63 patients who underwent hernioplasty at the Regional Hospital of Ceilândia between January and December 2022. Clinical, demographic, and surgical variables were evaluated, with emphasis on comorbidities and postoperative complications. Results: There was a predominance of male patients (87.3%) with a mean age of 45.8 years. The most prevalent comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and heart failure. Clinical alterations upon admission and the need for ICU care showed a significant association with mortality (p < 0.05). The overall mortality rate was 12.9%, and most patients had a favorable postoperative course. Discussion: The findings confirm the impact of chronic comorbidities on hospital outcomes of patients with incarcerated hernia, suggesting that severity depends not only on anatomical extent but also on the patient's systemic condition. Surgical management should be accompanied by careful clinical assessment and preoperative optimization of associated conditions. Conclusion: The study concludes that clinical profile and comorbidities directly influence outcomes in patients with incarcerated inguinal hernia. Early recognition of these factors is essential to reduce complications and improve surgical results, reinforcing the importance of an integrated and individualized treatment approach.