Clinical and epidemiological profile, anesthetic-surgical procedure, and clinical outcomes of neurosurgical patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v105i1e-240975Keywords:
neuroanesthesia, neurosurgery, hospital care, health profileAbstract
Background: Neuroanesthesia and neurosurgery are crucial approaches for managing pathologies of the human nervous system, responsible for minimizing the severity of pain, physical limitations and cognitive-functional impairment. In view of this question, this study aims to describe the clinical-epidemiological profile, anesthetic-surgical procedure, postoperative pain management and clinical evolution. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary hospital, involving patients undergoing elective neurosurgery from January 2020 to December 2022, with data collected from electronic medical records. Results: In the sample (n=171), males were predominant (53.8%), aged between 60 and 69 years (21.0%; mean 56.1 ± 2.5 years), white skin color (94.2%), current or previous smoking (33.9%), alcohol consumption (55.6%), non-eutrophic (60.4%), comorbidities (94.2%) and previous surgeries (86.0%). In the anesthetic-surgical procedure, preoperative hospitalization duration was 1 day (46.8%), surgical time ranged between 61 and 120 minutes (26.9%), cranial surgical site (56.7%), with cranioplasty (31.0%), general anesthesia (90.6%), orotracheal intubation (90.6%) and dorsal decubitus (77.1%). Hemocomponent reserve and transfusion occurred in, respectively, 40.4% and 26.3% of procedures. Regarding clinical evolution, the total duration of hospitalization (33.9%; mean 8.7 ± 1.8 days) and preoperative (41.5%; mean 6.4 ± 1.1 days) was between 4 and 5 days, intensive care unit admission (17.0%), hospital discharge (90.1%), and death (2.3%) were highlighted. Conclusion: Elective neurosurgical patients are predominantly men aged 60 to 69 years with non-eutrophic nutritional status, comorbidities, and previous surgeries, undergoing cranial procedures with general anesthesia, orotracheal intubation, multimodal postoperative analgesia, and hospital discharge.
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