Comparison of the Salivary Proteomic Profile in Patients with Crohn's Disease Receiving Advanced or Non-Advanced Therapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v105i5(ed.especial)e-252513Keywords:
Crohn’s disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Protein, SalivaAbstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, transmural, and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment may be pharmacological or non-pharmacological, with pharmacological approaches divided into advanced therapy (biological therapy or JAK inhibitors) and conventional therapy (immunosuppressants and/or corticosteroids). However, the lack of predictive biomarkers of therapeutic response remains a challenge for treatment selection. In this context, proteomic analysis may contribute to the identification of molecular alterations and protein profiles associated with CD. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the salivary proteome of patients with CD receiving advanced therapy (AT-CD) or non-advanced therapy (NAT-CD), identifying therapy-related changes in protein expression and their potential association with disease mechanisms. The study included 20 individuals (16–75 years old), comprising 10 patients receiving advanced therapy and 10 receiving conventional therapy or no pharmacological treatment. Smokers, individuals with indeterminate colitis, pregnancy, or uncontrolled chronic diseases were excluded. Stimulated saliva samples were collected for 5 minutes at HCFMB-UNESP and NOVAGASTRO-Bauru and analyzed by mass spectrometry (Xevo G3 QTof) at FOB-USP. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using ShinyGO 0.85.1 (p<0.05). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of FOB-USP (CAAE: 71340423.1.3001.5411). A total of 102 proteins were exclusively identified in AT-CD and 162 in NAT-CD. Comparison between groups revealed increased abundance of Basic salivary prolinerich protein 1 (15-fold), Salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2 (9-fold), and 14-3-3 protein epsilon (6-fold), as well as reduced abundance of Statherin (100-fold), Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (20-fold), and Kallikrein-1 (9-fold). KEGG enrichment analysis indicated differences in pathways related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, salivary secretion, starch and sucrose metabolism, HIF-1 signaling, and Hippo signaling pathways, suggesting that CD therapies may modulate salivary protein profiles. Salivary proteomic analysis represents a promising approach to improve the understanding of therapy-associated molecular changes in CD and may contribute to the future identification of therapeutic response biomarkers.
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