From stress to strategy: cyberloafing in women’s dual roles and work−life balance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-10-2024-0213Palabras clave:
Work−life balance, Dual-role conflict, Family-related cyberloafing, Multitasking ability, Professional working womenResumen
PurposeThis study aims to examine how family-related cyberloafing impacts dual-role conflict, multitasking skills and work−life balance among Indonesian first-generation professional working women. The study draws on cognitive dissonance theory to examine how digital behaviors can reduce psychological stress when professional and familial expectations conflict.
Design/methodology/approachIn Indonesia, 335 first-generation professional working women from dual-income households were surveyed online. Multitasking skills, dual-role conflict, family-related cyberloafing and work−life balance were examined using structural equation modeling.
FindingsResults suggest that family-related cyberloafing mediates dual-role conflict, multitasking capacity and work−life balance. The findings show that cyberloafing can help professional women manage contradictory responsibilities and multitasking, reducing dissonance and maintaining work−life balance.
Research limitations/implicationsThis study advances cognitive dissonance theory by presenting cyberloafing as a coping mechanism rather than a negative work practice. Digital micro-behaviors are used to explain role conflict and adaptive control in the work−life literature.
Practical implicationsOrganizations should explore ways to curb cyberloafing and acknowledge that some forms may help employees psychologically adjust to and manage their roles. Management practices that limit digital use may improve the well-being and performance of professional women.
Social implicationsThe findings highlight how technology-mediated coping supports women navigating dual roles in emerging economies. Recognizing these adaptive strategies can inform broader discussions on gender equity, workplace inclusion and the social sustainability of dual-income households.
Originality/valueFamily-related cyberloafing is a new mediator of work−life conflict, and cognitive dissonance theory explains its involvement. It provides culturally grounded insights into how Indonesian professional women use technology to balance dual roles.
Descargas
Referencias
Abendroth, A. K., & den Dulk, L. (2011). Support for the work-life balance in Europe: The impact of state, workplace and family support on work-life balance satisfaction. Work, Employment and Society, 25(2), 234–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017011398892
Adema, W., Clarke, C., Frey, V., Greulich, A., Kim, H., Rattenhuber, P., & Thévenon, O. (2017). Work/life balance policy in Germany: Promoting equal partnership in families. International Social Security Review, 70(2), 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12134
Ahmad, R., Majeed, S., Kausar, S., & Taseer, N. A. (2023). Work-family conflict and work-life balance: A study of secondary school teachers in Sargodha. Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 10(1), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.46662/jass.v10i1.342
Akinbode, G. A., & Ayodeji, F. (2017). Gender and family characteristics differences in work-family, family-work conflicts and stress among dual-income earners families: An empirical analysis in Cosmopolitan Lagos, Nigeria. Gender & Behaviour, 15(3), 9424–9453.
Andel, S. A., Kessler, S. R., Pindek, S., Kleinman, G., & Spector, P. E. (2019). Is cyberloafing more complex than we originally thought? Cyberloafing as a coping response to workplace aggression exposure. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.013
Andrade, C., & Mikula, G. (2014). Work-family conflict and perceived justice as mediators of outcomes of women’s multiple workload. Marriage and Family Review, 50(3), 285–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2013.879551
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Baxter, J. (2013). Logofamilies working together: Getting the balance right. Family Matters, 92(92), 77–83.
Bhattacharya, A., Morgan, N.A., & Rego, L.L. (2022). Examining why and when market share drives firm profit. Journal of Marketing, 86(4), 73-94. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429211031922
Brante, G. (2009). Multitasking and synchronous work: Complexities in teacher work. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(3), 430–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2008.09.015
Carrier, L. M., Rosen, L. D., Cheever, N. A., & Lim, A. F. (2015). Causes, effects, and practicalities of everyday multitasking. Developmental Review, 35, 64–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.005
Crews, D. E., & Russ, M. J. (2020). The impact of individual differences on multitasking ability. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 69(6), 1301–1319. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-04-2019-0191
De Lara, P. Z. M., Tacoronte, D. V., & Ding, J. M. T. (2006). Do current anti-cyberloafing disciplinary practices have a replica in research findings?: A study of the effects of coercive strategies on workplace Internet misuse. Internet Research, 16(4), 450–467. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240610690052
Delecta, P. (2011). Review Article: Work-Life Balance. International Journal of Current Research, 03(04), 186–189.
Dhewandrie, G. S. A., & Yuniawan, A. (2023). Exploring factors influencing technology adoption among Generation Y: A study of MOOC users. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 11(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v11i1.10202
Gadzali, S. S., Yunizar, & Ausat, A. M. A. (2023). Dual role conflict of working women: A pilot study on female public bank managers in West Java. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(8), e01471. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i8.1471
Gilbert-Ouimet, M., Brisson, C., & Vézina, M. (2020). Psychosocial work stressors, high family responsibilities, and psychological distress among women: A 5-year prospective study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 63(2), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23070
Giordano, C., & Mercado, B. K. (2023). Cyberloafing: Investigating the importance and implications of new and known predictors. Collabra: Psychology, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.57391
Grangeiro, R. da R., Silva, L. E. N., & Esnard, C. (2022). I broke the glass ceiling, now what? Overview of metaphors to explain gender inequality in organizations. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(6), 1523–1537. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2020-2281
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.2307/258214
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
Grzywacz, J. G., & Carlson, D. S. (2007). Conceptualizing work-family balance: Implications for practice and research. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 9(4), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422307305487
Hamsyah, F., Shimazu, A., & Hakanen, J. J. (2024). How work engagement and workaholism relate to individuals’ and their intimate partners’ mental well-being: a test of the spillover-crossover model among Indonesian dual-earner couples. Industrial Health, 62(6), 377–391. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2024-0094
Hardiani, W. A., Rahardja, E., & Yuniawan, A. (2018). Effect of role conflict and role overload on burnout and its impact on cyberloafing. A study on PT PLN (Persero) Pusat Manajemen Konstruksi. Jurnal Bisnis Strategi, 26(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.14710/jbs.26.2.89-99
Hartner-Tiefenthaler, M., Mostafa, A. M. S., & Koeszegi, S. T. (2023). The double-edged sword of online access to work tools outside work: The relationship with flexible working, work-interrupting nonwork behaviors, and job satisfaction. Frontiers in Public Health, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035989
Henle, C. A., & Blanchard, A. L. (2008). The interaction of work stressors and organizational sanctions on cyberloafing. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20(3), 383–400.
Hertlein, K. M. (2012). Digital dwelling: Technology in couple and family relationships. Family Relations, 61(3), 374–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2012.00702.x
Hirnstein, M., Larøi, F., & Laloyaux, J. (2019). No sex difference in an everyday multitasking paradigm. Psychological Research, 83(2), 286–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1045-0
How to Achieve the Perfect Work-Life Balance. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2024, from https://theundercoverrecruiter.com/work-life-balance-infographic/
Hu, Y., Chen, Y., & Ye, M. (2023). Eager to belong: Social cyberloafing as a coping response to workplace ostracism. Current Psychology, 42(4), 3372–3381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01690-y
Iogansen, X., Malik, J. K., Lee, Y., & Circella, G. (2024). Change in work arrangement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large shift to remote and hybrid work. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 25(March 2023), 100969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100969
Islam, T., Khan, M. M., Ahmed, I., Usman, A., & Ali, M. (2020). Work-family conflict and job dissatisfaction among police officers: Mediation of threat to family role and moderation of role segmentation enhancement. Policing, 43(2), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-06-2019-0087
Jayasingam, S., Lee, S. T., & Mohd Zain, K. N. (2023). Demystifying the life domain in work-life balance: A Malaysian perspective. Current Psychology, 42(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01403-5
Jha, N., Malik, P., Patel, G. N., & Cvetkoska, V. (2024). Unveiling the roots of cyberloafing: A fuzzy analytic hierarchy perspective on antecedents in the Indian IT landscape. Croatian Operational Research Review, 15(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.17535/crorr.2024.0005
Kemp, S. (2022). Digital 2022: Indonesia — DataReportal – Global Digital Insights. Data Reportal. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-indonesia
Khan, J., Saeed, I., Fayaz, M., Zada, M., & Jan, D. (2023). Perceived overqualification? Examining its nexus with cyberloafing and knowledge-hiding behavior: Harmonious passion as a moderator. Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(2), 460–484. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2021-0700
Koay, K. Y., Lim, V. K. G., Soh, P. C. H., Ong, D. L. T., Ho, J. S. Y., & Lim, P. K. (2022). Abusive supervision and cyberloafing: A moderated moderation model of moral disengagement and negative reciprocity beliefs. Information and Management, 59(2), 103600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2022.103600
König, C. J., & De La Guardia, M. E. C. (2014). Exploring the positive side of personal internet use at work: Does it help in managing the border between work and nonwork? Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.09.021
Kudesia, R. S., Pandey, A., & Reina, C. S. (2022). Doing more with less: Interactive effects of cognitive resources and mindfulness training in coping with mental fatigue from multitasking. Journal of Management, 48(2), 410–439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320964570
Kusumawati, A., & Franksiska, R. (2018). Work-family conflict and cyberloafing: The mediating role of work stress. Diponegoro International Journal of Business, 1(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.14710/dijb.1.2.2018.86-93
Lechner, A. T., Mathmann, F., & Paul, M. (2022). Frontline employees’ display of fake smiles and angry faces: When and why they influence service performance. Journal of Service Research, 25(2), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670520975148
Li, X., & Guan, X. (2021). Mother-daughter work-family role transmission: Effects on daughters’ work and family satisfaction. Family Journal, 29(2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480720934484
Liberman, B., Seidman, G., McKenna, K. Y. A., & Buffardi, L. E. (2011). Employee job attitudes and organizational characteristics as predictors of cyberloafing. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(6), 2192–2199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.06.015
Lim, V. K. G. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(5), 675–694. [suspicious link removed]
Lim, V. K. G., & Chen, D. J. Q. (2012). Cyberloafing at the workplace: Gain or drain on work? Behaviour and Information Technology, 31(4), 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290903353054
Lu, X., Wang, Y., Chen, X., & Lu, Q. (2024). From stress to screen: Understanding cyberloafing through cognitive and affective pathways. Behavioral Sciences, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030249
Manor, S. (2021). Being a working grandmother, mother, and daughter at the same time: A “Double Sandwich” in a four-generation family. Journal of Family Issues, 42(2), 324–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X20921520
Marchewka, M., Nesterak, J., Sołtysik, M., Szymla, W., & Wojnarowska, M. (2020). Multitasking effects on individual performance: An experimental eye-tracking study. European Research Studies Journal, 23(1), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1539
Matias, M., Ferreira, T., Vieira, J., Cadima, J., Leal, T., & M. Matos, P. (2017). Work–family conflict, psychological availability, and child emotion regulation: Spillover and crossover in dual-earner families. Personal Relationships, 24(3), 623–639. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12198
Mattarelli, E., Cochis, C., Bertolotti, F., & Ungureanu, P. (2024). How designed work environment and enacted work interactions impact creativity and work–life balance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 27(2), 648–672. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-01-2022-0028
Mendes-Sousa, M. M., Perrone, M. B., de Melo, R. B., Ribeiro, M. V. V., Chao, Q., Torres, C., Sanchez, Z. M., Surkan, P. J., Martins, S. S., Fidalgo, T. M., & Caetano, S. C. (2023). The impact of family stress and resilience on child development: Scope review. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0556
Molina, J. A. (2021). The work-family conflict: Evidence from the recent decade and lines of future research. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42, 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09700-0
Narayanan, S., & Barnabas, A. (2020). Work-family conflict of women entrepreneurs in the informal sector in India. International Journal of Business Excellence, 22(2), 226–246. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2020.109958
Nyoto, Sudarno, Priyono, Surikin, & Renaldo, N. (2023). Emotional intelligence, workload, and cyberloafing on organizational commitment and performance of teachers at the Pelalawan High School Level. Journal of Applied Business and Technology, 4(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.35145/jabt.v4i2.129
Pardim, V. I., Pinochet, L. H. C., & de Souza, C. A. (2024). Analysis of antecedent factors that lead to cyberloafing and deviant behavior in response to the announcement of formal controls. Organizações & Sociedade Journal, 31(108), 117–148. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302024v31n0004EN
Rahmawati, P. D., & Yuniawan, A. (2023). Pengaruh konflik pekerjaan-keluarga dan konflik keluarga-pekerjaan terhadap niatan keluar melalui burnout sebagai variabel mediasi. Diponegoro Journal of Management, 12(4), 1–15. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/djom/article/view/41820
Rantanen, J., Lyyra, P., Feldt, T., Villi, M., & Parviainen, T. (2021). Intensified job demands and cognitive stress symptoms: The moderator role of individual characteristics. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(April), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607172
Reimann, M., Schulz, F., Marx, C. K., & Lükemann, L. (2022). The family side of work-family conflict: A literature review of antecedents and consequences. Journal of Family Research, 34(4), 1010–1032. https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-859
Rini, R., Yustina, A. I., & Santosa, S. (2020). How work-family conflict, work-life balance, and job performance connect: Evidence from auditors in public accounting firms. Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset), 12(1), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v12i1.23558
Russo, M., Shteigman, A., & Carmeli, A. (2016). Workplace and family support and work–life balance: Implications for individual psychological availability and energy at work. Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(2), 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1025424
Saritepeci, M. (2020). Predictors of cyberloafing among high school students: Unauthorized access to school network, metacognitive awareness and smartphone addiction. Education and Information Technologies, 25(3), 2201–2219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-10042-0
Schueller-Weidekamm, C., & Kautzky-Willer, A. (2012). Challenges of work-life balance for women physicians/mothers working in leadership positions. Gender Medicine, 9(4), 244–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genm.2012.04.002
Sijabat, R. (2021). Comparative study of cyberloafing outcomes in male and female employees. Management Analysis Journal, 24. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/maj/article/view/46190
Soomro, A. A., Breitenecker, R. J., & Shah, S. A. M. (2018). Relation of work-life balance, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict with the employee performance-moderating role of job satisfaction. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 7(1), 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-02-2017-0018
Suija-Markova, I., Briede, L., Gaile-Sarkane, E., & Ozoliņa-Ozola, I. (2020). Multitasking in knowledge-intensive business services. Emerging Science Journal, 4(4), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2020-01233
Sumadi, M. A., Alkhateeb, N. A., Alnsour, A. S., Abuhashesh, M. Y., & Ahmed, A. (2022). Festinger’s social comparison using McGregor’s Theory X/Y: Investigating biasness among Jordanian employees? Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2022(6), 5960–5980. http://journalppw.com
Susilo, Y. E., & Handrito, R. P. (2024). Women’s tendency in work involvement: A study of female labour force in Indonesia. Economics and Sociology, 17(1), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2024/17-1/10
Talukder, A. K. M. M. H. (2019). Supervisor support and organizational commitment: The role of work–family conflict, job satisfaction, and work–life balance. Journal of Employment Counseling, 56(3), 98–116. https://doi.org/10.1002/joec.12125
Tammelin, M., Malinen, K., Rönkä, A., & Verhoef, M. (2017). Work schedules and work–family conflict among dual earners in Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Journal of Family Issues, 38(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15585810
Tandon, A., Kaur, P., Ruparel, N., Islam, J. U., & Dhir, A. (2022). Cyberloafing and cyberslacking in the workplace: Systematic literature review of past achievements and future promises. Internet Research, 32(1), 55–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-06-2020-0332
Ugrin, J. C., & Michael Pearson, J. (2013). The effects of sanctions and stigmas on cyberloafing. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 812–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.005
van der Wal, R. C., Nijhof, S. L., Leisten, L. M., van de Putte, E. M., van der Ent, C. K., Hindriks-Keegstra, A. W., Bodenmann, G., Finkenauer, C., & Nap-van der Vlist, M. M. (2024). A dyadic perspective on parent-child dyadic coping in children with a chronic condition. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 181(April), 111668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111668
Vitak, J., Crouse, J., & Larose, R. (2011). Personal internet use at work: Understanding cyberslacking. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1751–1759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.03.002
Wong, G. Y. L., Kwok, R. C. W., Zhang, S., Lai, G. C. H., & Cheung, J. C. F. (2023). Mutually complementary effects of cyberloafing and cyber-life-interruption on employee exhaustion. Information and Management, 60(2), 103752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2022.103752
Xu, S., Kee, K., & Mao, C. (2021). Multitasking and work-life balance: Explicating multitasking when working from home. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 65(3), 397–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2021.1976779
Xu, S., Wang, Z., & Woods, K. (2019). Multitasking and dual motivational systems: A dynamic longitudinal study. Human Communication Research, 45(4), 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqz009
Zahoor, N., Abdullah, N. A. C., & Zakaria, N. (2021). The roles of high-performance work practices, work-family conflict, job stress, and personality in affecting work-life balance. Management Science Letters, 11, 1367–1378. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.11.003
Zhang, J., Akhtar, M. N., Zhang, Y., & Sun, S. (2020). Are overqualified employees bad apples? A dual-pathway model of cyberloafing. Internet Research, 30(1), 289–313. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-10-2018-0469
Zhong, J., Chen, Y., Yan, J., & Luo, J. (2022). The mixed blessing of cyberloafing on innovation performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Computers in Human Behavior, 126(July 2021), 106982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106982
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Ahyar Yuniawan, Kardison Lumban Batu, Mahfudz Mahfudz, Rosaly Franksiska

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Management Department of the School of Economics, Management and Accounting of the University of São Paulo.
The publication of article segments is allowed, subject to prior authorization and source identification.
Copyright is regulated under Licença Creative Commons Attribution