Asistencia interprofesional en la prehabilitación y rehabilitación quirúrgica de pacientes con cáncer en el período perioperatorio: revisión integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.rmrp.2024.226056Palabras clave:
Cuidados perioperatorios,, Rehabilitación, Ejercicio preoperatorio, Recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía, Oncología quirúrgicaResumen
Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas sobre el papel del equipo interprofesional en la prehabilitación y rehabilitación quirúrgica de pacientes oncológicos adultos y mayores durante el período perioperatorio. Método: Se trata de una Revisión Integrativa de la Literatura (RIL) desarrollada en seis etapas, realizada según la estrategia de investigación PICo y basada en las recomendaciones del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR). La aplicación Rayyan se utilizó como herramienta para la automatización y filtrado de estudios. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science
y PUBMED, utilizando criterios de inclusión y exclusión, con un marco temporal de 2012 a 2024.
Los datos de la muestra se analizaron para identificar estudios, características metodológicas,
evaluación del rigor metodológico y síntesis de resultados. Un tercer revisor participó para resolver desacuerdos mediante reuniones de consenso. El instrumento de recolección de datos incluyó información de identificación, conforme al Formulario de Extracción de Datos de Métodos Mixtos, siguiendo la herramienta de Enfoque Convergente Integrado del Instituto Joanna Briggs. El estudio se registró en la plataforma Figshare con DOI https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21980156.v1.
Resultados: Se consideraron elegibles 29 artículos para esta RIL. En cuanto al nivel de evidencia,
la mayoría de los estudios se clasificaron como nivel IV (n=11; 37,9%). En relación con la localización del tumor primario, se observó una predominancia de malignidad rectal (CIE-10
- C20) (n=10; 26,3%). Además, los artículos se categorizaron en tres fases: (1) “prehabilitación
quirúrgica”; (2) “perioperatorio quirúrgico,” subdividido en enfoques de cuidados y educativos; y (3) “postoperatorio quirúrgico,” con la telerehabilitación como continuación del período perioperatorio. La mayoría de los estudios se centraron en la fase de “prehabilitación quirúrgica” (n=21; 72,4%). Conclusión: Esta revisión integrativa de la literatura aportó evidencias que refuerzan la importancia de la asistencia del equipo interprofesional en el contexto quirúrgico perioperatorio para la rehabilitación de pacientes oncológicos adultos y mayores. Esta asistencia promovió mejoras
en la deambulación, alimentación oral, capacidad cardiopulmonar, tasas de saturación de oxígeno, reducción de la estancia hospitalaria y bienestar emocional.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Pedro Emílio Gomes Prates, Antonio Jorge Silva Correa-Júnior, Tatiana Mara da Silva Russo, Camila Maria Silva Paraizo-Horvath, André Aparecido da Sila Teles, Helena Megumi Sonobe nobe; Tatiana Mara da Silva Russo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
