Consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with sociodemographic factors in the adult population of the 27 Brazilian state capitals (2019)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055002833Keywords:
Diet, Adults, Ultra-processed Food, Sociodemographic Distribution, BrazilAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the magnitude of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the adult population (≥ 18 years old) in the capitals of the 27 federative units of Brazil, as well as its association with sociodemographic variables. METHODS: Data used in this study stem from participants (n = 52,443) of the 2019 wave of the annual survey of the “National surveillance system for risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey” (Vigitel). The consumption of ultra-processed foods was described based on a score, corresponding to the sum of positive responses to questions about consumption on the previous day of thirteen subgroups of ultra-processed foods frequently consumed in Brazil. Poisson regression models were used to describe the crude and adjusted associations between high consumption of ultra-processed foods (scores ≥ 5) and sex, age group, and level of education. RESULTS: The frequency of high consumption of ultra-processed foods was 18.2% (95% CI 17.4–19.0). With or without adjustment for other sociodemographic variables, this frequency was significantly lower in females and decreased linearly with age. In the crude analysis, there was an increase in the frequency of high consumption from the lower level to the intermediate level of education and a decrease in this consumption from the intermediate level to the upper level. In the analysis adjusted for sex and age, the frequency of high consumption of ultra-processed foods was significantly lower at the higher level of education (12 or more years of study), with no differences between the other levels. CONCLUSION: Ultra-processed foods are consumed with high frequency in the adult Brazilian population in the 27 capitals of the federation. Being male, younger and having less education than university are conditions that increase, independently, the consumption of these foods.
References
Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Moubarac JC, Levy RB, Louzada MLC, Jaime PC. The UN Decade of Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(1):5-17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017000234 [ Links ]
Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Levy RB, Moubarac JC, Louzada ML, Rauber F, et al. Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them. Public Health Nutr. 2019;22(5):936-41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018003762 [ Links ]
Vandevijvere S, Jaacks LM, Monteiro CA, Moubarac JC, Girling‐Butcher M, Lee AC, et al. Global trends in ultraprocessed food and drink product sales and their association with adult body mass index trajectories. Obes Rev. 2019;20 Suppl 2:10-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12860 [ Links ]
Pan American Health Organization. Ultra-processed food and drink products in Latin America: sales, sources, nutrient profiles, and policy implications. Washington, DC: PAHO; 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 20]. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51094 [ Links ]
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Diretoria de Pesquisa, Coordenação de Trabalho e Rendimento. Pesquisa de orçamentos familiares 2017-2018: avaliação nutricional da disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 20]. Available from: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101704.pdf [ Links ]
Louzada MLC, Ricardo CZ, Steele EM, Levy RB, Cannon G, Monteiro CA. The share of ultra-processed foods determines the overall nutritional quality of diets in Brazil. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(1):94-102. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017001434 [ Links ]
Moubarac JC, Batal M, Louzada MLC, Steele EM, Monteiro CA. Consumption of ultra-processed foods predicts diet quality in Canada. Appetite. 2017;108:512-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.006 [ Links ]
Steele EM, Popkin BM, Swinburn B, Monteiro CA. The share of ultra-processed foods and the overall nutritional quality of diets in the US: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Popul Health Metr. 2017;15(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-017-0119-3 [ Links ]
Rauber F, Louzada MLC, Steele EM, Millett C, Monteiro CA, Levy RB. Ultra-processed food consumption and chronic non-communicable diseases-related dietary nutrient profile in the UK (2008-2014). Nutrients. 2018;10(5):587. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050587 [ Links ]
Parra DC, Louzada MLC, Moubarac JC, Levy RB, Khandpur N, Cediel G, et al. Association between ultra-processed food consumption and the nutrient profile of the Colombian diet in 2005. Salud Publica Mex. 2019;61(2):147-54. https://doi.org/10.21149/9038 [ Links ]
Marrón-Ponce JA, Flores M, Cediel G, Monteiro CA, Batis C. Associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods and intake of nutrients related to chronic non-communicable diseases in Mexico. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019;119(11):1852-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2019.04.020 [ Links ]
Elizabeth L, Machado P, Zinöcker M, Baker P, Lawrence M. Ultra-processed foods and health outcomes: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071955 [ Links ]
Santos FS, Dias MS, Mintem GC, Oliveira IO, Gigante DP. Processamento de alimentos e fatores de risco cardiometabólicos: revisão sistemática. Rev Saude Publica. 2020;54:70. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001704 [ Links ]
Kim H, Hu EA, Rebholz CM. Ultra-processed food intake and mortality in the USA: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994). Public Health Nutr. 2019;22(10):1777-85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018003890 [ Links ]
Rico-Campà A, Martínez-González MA, Alvarez-Alvarez I, Mendonça RD, Fuente-Arrillaga C, Gómez-Donoso C, et al. Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality: SUN prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2019;365:l1949-l. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1949 [ Links ]
Blanco-Rojo R, Sandoval-Insausti H, López-Garcia E, Graciani A, Ordovas JM, Banegas JR, et al. Consumption of Ultra-processed Foods and Mortality: a national prospective cohort in Spain. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2019;94(11):2178-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.03.035 [ Links ]
Hall KD, Ayuketah A, Brychta R, Cai H, Cassimatis T, Chen KY, et al. Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake. Cell Metab. 2019;30(1):67-77.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008 [ Links ]
Ministério da Saúde (BR), Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Departamento de Atenção Básica. Guia alimentar para a população brasileira. 2. ed. Brasília, DF: 2014 [cited 2020 Jun 20]. Available from: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_alimentar_populacao_brasileira_2ed.pdf [ Links ]
Monteiro CA, Moura EC, Jaime PC, Lucca A, Florindo AA, Figueiredo ICR, et al. Monitoramento de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas por entrevistas telefônicas. Rev Saude Publica. 2005;39(1):47-57. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102005000100007 [ Links ]
Monteiro CA, Moura EC, Jaime PC, Claro RM. Validade de indicadores do consumo de alimentos e bebidas obtidos por inquérito telefônico. Rev Saude Publica. 2008;42(4):582-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102008000400002 [ Links ]
Ministério da Saúde (BR), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Análise em Saúde e Vigilância de Doenças Não Transmissíveis. Vigitel Brasil 2019: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico: estimativas sobre frequência e distribuição sociodemográfica de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais dos 26 estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal em 2019. Brasília, DF; 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 20]. Available from: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/vigitel_brasil_2019_vigilancia_fatores_risco.pdf [ Links ]
Adams J, White M. Characterisation of UK diets according to degree of food processing and associations with socio-demographics and obesity: cross-sectional analysis of UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-12). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12(1):160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0317-y [ Links ]
Cediel G, Reyes M, Louzada MLC, Steele EM, Monteiro CA, Corvalán C, et al. Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the Chilean diet (2010). Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(1):125-33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017001161 [ Links ]
Marrón-Ponce JA, Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Louzada MLC, Batis C. Energy contribution of NOVA food groups and sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption in the Mexican population. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(1):87-93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017002129 [ Links ]
Baraldi LG, Steele EM, Canella DS, Monteiro CA. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and associated sociodemographic factors in the USA between 2007 and 2012: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e020574. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020574 [ Links ]
Khandpur N, Cediel G, Obando DA, Jaime PC, Parra DC. Sociodemographic factors associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia. Rev Saude Publica. 2020;54:19. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001176 [ Links ]
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Agência IBGE Notícias. IBGE conclui coleta da PNS e prevê novas pesquisas de saúde. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 20]. Available from: https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-noticias/2012-agencia-de-noticias/noticias/27124-ibge-conclui-coleta-da-pns-e-preve-novas-pesquisas-de-saude [ Links ]
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Agência IBGE Notícias. Pesquisa traça perfil das condições de saúde e hábitos dos estudantes no país. [cited 2020 Jun 20]. Available from: https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-noticias/2012-agencia-de-noticias/noticias/24166-pesquisa-traca-perfil-das-condicoes-de-saude-e-habitos-dos-estudantes-no-pais [ Links ]
Sattamini IF. Instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de dietas: desenvolvimento, adaptação e validação no Brasil [tese]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo; 2019. [ Links ]
Costa CS, Faria FR, Gabe KT, Sattamini IF, Khandpur N, Leite FHM, et al. Escore Nova de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados: descrição e avaliação de desempenho no Brasil. Rev Saude Publica. 2021;55:13. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003588 [ Links ]
Bernal RTI, Malta DC, Claro RM, Monteiro CA. Efeito da inclusão de entrevistas por telefone celular ao Vigitel. Rev Saude Publica. 2017;51 Supl 1:15s. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051000171 [ Links ]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Caroline dos Santos Costa, Isabela Fleury Sattamini, Eurídice Martinez Steele, Maria Laura da Costa Louzada, Rafael Moreira Claro, Carlos Augusto Monteiro
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Funding data
-
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Grant numbers 2019/06852-5
