Risk and protective factors for suicide: a populational case-control study, Brazil, 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004606Palavras-chave:
Suicide, epidemiology, Protective Factors, Risk Factors, Case-Control StudiesResumo
OBJETIVE: To estimate risk and protection factors associated with suicide in Campinas, Brazil, in 2019. METHODS: This is a populational case-control study analyzing 83 cases of suicide that occurred in 2019 in Campinas, a Brazilian city with about 1.2 million inhabitants. Controls were composed of 716 inhabitants. An adjusted multiple logistic regression was used. Cases and controls were the dichotomous response variables. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were the predictor variables. RESULTS: The categories which presented higher risk of suicide were: males [OR = 5.26 (p < 0.001)]; people aged 10–29 years [OR = 5.88 (p = 0.002)]; individuals without paid work [OR = 3.06 (p = 0.013)]; individuals presenting problematic use of alcohol [OR = 33.12 (p < 0.001)] and cocaine [14.59 (p < 0.007)]; and people with disabilities [OR = 3.72 (p < 0.001]. Moreover, the perception of fear was associated with reduced suicide risk [OR = 0.19 (p = 0.015)]. Higher district HDI levels also showed a 4% decrease in risk for each 0.01 increase in district HDI levels [OR = 0.02 (p = 0.008)]. CONCLUSIONS: This study evidenced the association between sociodemographic and behavioral variables and suicide. It also emphasized the complexity in the dynamics between personal, social, and economic factors to this external cause of death.
Referências
World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs Sustainable Development Goals. Geneva (CH): WHO; 2018 [cited 2020 Jul 1]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272596/9789241565585-eng.pdf?ua=1
World Health Organization. Suicide in the world: global health estimates. Geneva (CH): WHO; 2019 [cited 2020 Aug 1]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326948
Ministério da Saúde (BR), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade -SIM. Brasília, DF: DATASUS; 2020. http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sim/cnv/ext10uf.def
Turecki PG, Brent DA. Suicide and suicidal behaviour. Lancet. 2016;387(10024):1227-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00234-2
Corona Miranda B, Hernández Sánchez M, García Pérez RM. Mortalidad por suicidio, factores de riesgos y protectores. Rev Haban Cien Med. 2016;15(1):90-100.
Sousa GS, Perrelli JGA, Mangueira SO, Lopes MVO, Sougey EB. Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis risk for suicide in the older adults. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2020;34(2):21-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.01.003
Fundação SEADE. Sistema SEADE de Projeções Populacionais. São Paulo: SEADE; 2020 [cited j2020 Jun 1]. Available from: https://produtos.seade.gov.br/produtos/projpop/index.php
Pinto, D. G. C., Costa, M. A. C., & Marques, M. L. D. A. C. (2013). O índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal brasileiro.
Cordeiro R, organizador. Morte matada. Curitiba, PR: Editora Appris; 2022.
Organização Mundial da Saúde. Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde. 10. ed. São Paulo: Edusp; 2000.
World Health Organization. (2007). Verbal autopsy standards: ascertaining and attributing causes of death. Geneva (CH): WHO; 2007.
Martins CMR, Germano LRRGBN, Rangel RR. Metodologia das Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Indic Econ FEE. 2016;43(4):91-108.
Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada. Atlas da vulnerabilidade social nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Brasília, DF: IPEA; 2015.
United Nations. United Nations Development Programme. New York: UNDP; 2012 [cited 2020 Jul 1]. Available from: https://www.undp.org/
Lee KI, Koval JJ. Determination of the best significance level in forwarding stepwise logistic regression. Commun Stat Simul Comput. 1997;26(2):559-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610919708813397
Bando DH, Lester D. An ecological study on suicide and homicide in Brazil. Cien Saude Colet. 2014;19(4):1179-89. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014194.00472013
Royal College of Psychiatrists. Self-harm and suicide in adults: final report of the Patient Safety Group. London (UK): 2020.
World Health Organization. Preventing suicide: a global imperative. Geneva (CH): WHO; 2014.
Ministério da Saúde (BR), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Perfil epidemiológico das tentativas e óbitos por suicídio no Brasil e a rede de atenção à saúde. Bol Epidemiol. 2017;48(30):1-15.
Stuckler D, Basu S. The Body Economic: why austerity kills: recessions, budget battles, and the politics of life and death. New York: Basic Books; 2013.
Chang SS, Stuckler D, Yip P, Gunnell D. Impact of 2008 global economic crisis on suicide: time trend study in 54 countries. BMJ. 2013;347:f5239. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5239
Schneider B. Substance use disorders and risk for completed suicide. Arch Suicide Res. 2009;13(4):303-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811110903263191
Bohnert KM, Ilgen MA, McCarthy JF, Ignacio RV, Blow FC, Katz IR. Tobacco use disorder and the risk of suicide mortality. Addiction. 2014;109(1):155-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12381
Fässberg MM, Cheung G, Canetto SS, Erlangsen A, Lapierre S, Lindner R, et al. A systematic review of physical illness, functional disability, and suicidal behaviour among older adults. Aging Ment Health. 2016;20(2):166-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1083945
Stenager El, Stenager Eg. Somatic diseases and suicidal behaviour. Psychiatr Danub. 2006;18 Suppl 1:151.
Bachmann S. Epidemiology of suicide and the psychiatric perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(7):1425. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071425
Carvalho AC, Carvalho DF. Crecimiento y evolución económica-espacial de los suicidios en Brasil: Durkhein en la perspectiva de la econometría espacial. Málaga (ES): eumed.net; 2018 [cited 2020 Aug 1]. Available from: https://www.eumed.net/rev/oel/2018/08/durkhein-econometria-espacial.html
Kalt A, Hossain M, Kiss L, Zimmerman C. Asylum seekers, violence, and health: a systematic review of research in high-income host countries. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(3):e30-42. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301136
World Health Organization. Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Geneva (CH): WHO: 2013.
O’Connor RC, Nock MK. The psychology of suicidal behaviour. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014;1(1):73-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70222-6
Ferreira Junior A. O comportamento suicida no Brasil e no mundo. Rev Bras Psicol. 2015;2(1):15-28.
Pearson A, Saini P, Da Cruz D, Miles C, While D, Swinson N, et al. Primary care contact prior to suicide in individuals with mental illness. Br J Gen Pract. 2009;59(568):825-32. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp09X472881
The University of Manchester. National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health: annual report England, Northern Ireland. Manchester (UK); 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 1]. Available from: https://www.hqip.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Mental-Health-CORP-Report-2019-FINAL.pdf
Tøllefsen IM, Hem E, Ekeberg Ø. The reliability of suicide statistics: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-9
Oliveira MAP, Parente RCM. Estudos de coorte e de caso-controle na era da Medicina Baseada em Evidência. Braz J Video Surg. 2010;3(3):115-25.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Ana Maria Pita Ruiz, Mirla Randy Bravo Fernandez, Denis Satoshi Komoda, Carlos Alberto dos Santos Treichel, Ricardo Carlos Cordeiro
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Como Citar
Dados de financiamento
-
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Números do Financiamento 2018/07162-0 -
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Números do Financiamento 88887.498916/2020-00
