Prevalência e preditores de anemia na infância no estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005637

Palavras-chave:

Anemia Ferropriva, Malária, Fatores de Risco, Estudos de Coortes

Resumo

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência e os preditores de anemia na infância em um estudo de coorte de nascimentos de base populacional amazônica.
MÉTODOS: Estimou-se a prevalência de anemia materna no parto (concentração de hemoglobina [Hb] < 110 g/L) em mulheres participantes do estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil e em seus filhos, examinados nas idades um, dois (Hb < 110 g/L) e cinco anos (Hb < 115 g/L). Além disso, as concentrações de ferritina, receptor solúvel de transferrina e proteína C reativa foram medidas em mães no parto e em seus filhos de 1 e 2 anos de idade para estimar a prevalência de deficiência de ferro e sua contribuição para anemia, ajustando para potenciais fatores de confusão por análise de regressão múltipla de Poisson (risco relativo ajustado [RRa]).
RESULTADOS: As prevalências com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% de anemia materna, deficiência de ferro e anemia ferropriva no parto foram de 17,3% (14,0–21,0%), 42,6% (38,0–47,2%) e 8,7% (6,3–11,6%), respectivamente (n = 462). No primeiro ano de idade (n = 646), 42,2% (38,7–45,8%) das crianças estudadas eram anêmicas, 38,4% (34,6–42,3%) eram deficientes em ferro e 26,3 (23,0–29,9%) tinham anemia ferropriva. Aos dois anos de idade (n = 761), esses valores diminuíram para 12,8% (10,6–15,2%), 18,1% (15,5–21,1%) e 4,1% (2,8–5,7%), respectivamente; aos cinco anos de idade (n = 655), 5,2% (3,6–7,2%) eram anêmicos. A deficiência de ferro (RRa = 2,19, IC95%: 1,84–2,60) e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) (RRa = 1,56, IC95%: 1,14–2,13) foram contribuintes significantes para anemia no 1º ano de idade, após ajuste para escolaridade materna. Aos 2 anos, a anemia associou-se significativamente à anemia materna no parto (RRa = 1,67; IC95%: 1,17–2,39), malária desde o nascimento (2,25; 1,30–3,87) e deficiência de ferro (2,15; 1,47–3,15), após ajuste para idade das crianças e índice de riqueza familiar.
CONCLUSÕES: A anemia continua sendo altamente prevalente durante a gravidez e a primeira infância na Amazônia. Políticas públicas de saúde devem abordar a deficiência de ferro, o consumo de AUP, a anemia materna e a malária para prevenir e tratar a anemia em crianças amazônicas.

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Publicado

2023-11-30

Edição

v. 57 n. Supl.2 (2023): Suplemento Mina-Brasil

Seção

Artigos Originais

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Copyright (c) 2023 Marly A. Cardoso, Bárbara H. Lourenço, Alicia Matijasevich, Marcia C. Castro, Marcelo U. Ferreira

Creative Commons License
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Como Citar

Cardoso, M. A., Lourenço, B. H., Matijasevich, A., Castro, M. C., & Ferreira, M. U. (2023). Prevalência e preditores de anemia na infância no estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil. Revista De Saúde Pública, 57(Supl.2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005637

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