Transtornos mentais no pós-parto no Rio de Janeiro 2021–2023: Pesquisa Nascer no Brasil II
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2025059006527Palavras-chave:
Transtornos Mentais, Período Pós-Parto, Depressão, Ansiedade, Transtornos de Estresse Pós-TraumáticosResumo
OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência e a inter-relação entre os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse pós-traumático associado ao parto.
MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os dados de uma coorte de puérperas da Pesquisa Nascer no Brasil II, representativa dos nascimentos ocorridos no estado do Rio de Janeiro entre 2021–2023, entrevistadas no pós-parto imediato (face a face) e dois meses após o nascimento (por telefone). Foram incluídas as mulheres que responderam a todas as perguntas das escalas Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 e City Birth Trauma Scale e excluídas as gestações que terminaram em aborto ou natimorto, totalizando 1.752 puérperas. Para testar a homogeneidade das proporções, foi realizado o teste χ2 considerando significativo valores de p inferiores a 5%. A análise das inter-relações entre os três sintomas foi conduzida por meio de modelagem de equação estrutural (MEE), utilizando-se o estimador de média e variância dos mínimos quadrados ponderados e a parametrização theta.
RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse pós-traumático associado ao nascimento foi, respectivamente, 17,9, 16,3 e 7,7%. A presença de pontuação positiva em pelo menos uma escala foi de 24,6%, e a ocorrência simultânea de duas ou três comorbidades foi, respectivamente, 12 e 3,7%. A baixa escolaridade e transtorno mental prévio apresentaram prevalência significativamente mais elevada nos três transtornos analisados. MEE revelou associação significativa e positiva entre as três escalas, e todas as variáveis latentes do modelo apresentaram itens com cargas fatoriais superiores a 0,5.
CONCLUSÃO: O pós-parto é crítico para o diagnóstico de transtornos mentais e pode cursar com quadros complexos em que sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse se sobrepõem. É importante que os profissionais de saúde estejam cientes da ocorrência e coocorrência desses transtornos, bem como das possíveis consequências na saúde da mulher e na do recém-nascido.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mariza Miranda Theme Filha, Marcia Leonardi Baldisserotto, Ana Claudia Santos Amaral, Maria Pappaterra Bastos, Arthur Orlando Correa Schilithz, Silvana Granado Nogueira da Gama, Karina de Cássia Caetano, Maria do Carmo Leal
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
