Comparação entre dois métodos de avaliação do ganho ponderal em gestantes brasileiras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s15188787.2026060007244Palabras clave:
Padrões de Referência, Ganho de Peso, Gravidez, SobrepesoResumen
OBJETIVO: Comparar dois métodos de avaliação do ganho de peso gestacional (GPG) entre gestantes adultas com sobrepeso atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma análise secundária de um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado, realizado entre 2018 e 2021, com 260 gestantes com sobrepeso em acompanhamento pré-natal em unidades básicas de saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. As participantes foram alocadas em dois grupos: intervenção (receberam aconselhamento nutricional individualizado – GI) ou controle (receberam apenas orientações nutricionais usuais do pré-natal – GC). O GPG foi classificado segundo as diretrizes norte-americanas da National Academy of Medicine (NAM) e de acordo com as recomendações das curvas brasileiras. Para avaliar a concordância entre os métodos, empregou-se o coeficiente de concordância de kappa e, para a classificação do ganho ponderal (adequado, insuficiente ou excessivo), utilizaram-se os critérios adotados por cada método. Modelos de regressão logística foram empregados para analisar a associação entre os grupos (GI e GC) e os dois métodos empregados na avaliação do GPG. RESULTADOS: Observou-se concordância moderada entre os métodos, com um padrão de discordância que indica possível subestimação do GPG pelas diretrizes da NAM. Gestantes do GI apresentaram maior chance de GPG insuficiente pelo método brasileiro (RC = 2,87; IC95% 0,88–9,25) e menor chance de ganho excessivo pelo método norte-americano (RC = 0,63; IC95% 0,34–1,17), em comparação às mulheres do GC, embora ambos sem significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: As curvas brasileiras mostraram-se mais apropriadas para a classificação do GPG em gestantes brasileiras com sobrepeso, refletindo melhor o monitoramento do peso durante o pré-natal. Sua adoção pode favorecer a identificação precoce de inadequações no GPG e, consequentemente, contribuir para a qualificação da assistência pré-natal.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Natalia Posses Carreira, Daiane Leite da Roza, Daniela Saes Sartorelli, Maria Carolina de Lima, Lívia Castro Crivellenti

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