Scientia Agricola
type: channel
description: Publicar artigos originais que contribuam para o desenvolvimento das Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais.
publisher: Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz
language: pt-BR
publication name: Scientia Agricola
issn: 0103-9016
copyright: Todo o conteúdo do periódico, exceto onde está identificado, está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons do tipo atribuição BY-NC.
items: Scientific and technical knowledge of sugarcane cover-management USLE/RUSLE factor
items: Sampling representativeness of soil carbon and physiological parameters of marandu palisadegrass in a tropical silvopastoral system
items: Potential nutrient-response curves and sufficiency ranges for ‘Prata-Anã’ banana cultivated under two environmental conditions
items: Quality reference values for rare earth elements in soils from one of the last agricultural frontiers in Brazil
items: Growth of provenances of Cryptocarya alba during water stress and after re–watering in the nursery
items: Eucalyptus Subgenus Symphyomyrtus: Sections: Exsertaria, Latoangulatae and Maidenaria
items: Plasticizer types and whey protein coatings on internal quality and shelf life of eggs stored for 42 days
items: Weathering deterioration in pre-harvest of soybean seeds: physiological, physical, and morpho-anatomical changes
items: Supplemental irrigation using brackish water on maize in tropical semi-arid regions of Brazil: yield and economic analysis
items: Protein to energy ratios and cost, performance, and ammonia excretion in juvenile jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), South American catfish
items: Estimation of productive losses caused by withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoter from pig diets – Meta-analysis
items: Biosurfactants synthesized by endophytic Bacillus strains as control of Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri
items: Optimization of banana plantlets acclimatization by hydroponic cultivation
items: Map of total phosphorus content in native soils of Brazil
items: Absorption and mobility of radio-labelled calcium in chili pepper plants and sweet cherry trees
items: Mineralogical, chemical and electrochemical attributes of soils
items: Soil morphostructural characterization and coffee root distribution under agroforestry system with Hevea Brasiliensis
items: Integrated technology roadmapping in startups: a case study of an AgTech in the Cachaça industry
items: A short review: Comparisons of high-throughput phenotyping methods for detecting drought tolerance
items: Processing Eucalyptus cloeziana seed lots to improve purity, germination and vigor
items: Replacing the (inefficient) manual runoff sampling method used in Brazil – a prototype sample splitter
items: Sombric-like horizon and xanthization in polychrome subtropical soils from Southern Brazil: implications for soil classification
items: Genomic prediction of leaf rust resistance to Arabica coffee using machine learning algorithms
items: Comparison of ethylene carbonate and formamide as components of the hybridization mixture in FISH
items: Acylated anthocyanins from organic purple-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) produced in Brazil
items: Low doses of monensin for lambs fed diets containing high level of ground flint corn
items: Sequential feeding with diets varying in amino acid content for growing-finishing pigs
items: Temperature influences swine wastewater treatment by aquatic plants
items: Evapotranspiration mapping of commercial corn fields in Brazil using SAFER algorithm
items: Homogeneous zones of vegetation index for characterizing variability and site-specific management in vineyards

Scientific and technical knowledge of sugarcane cover-management USLE/RUSLE factor
type: item
description: Sugarcane covers 10.6 Mha of Brazilian agricultural land (13 % of all cropland), mainly in the south-central region. In tropical climate conditions, the physiological characteristics of sugarcane allow a wide range of management systems with contrasting soil erosion outcomes. Models can assess these differences and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) based models are the most frequently used. The cover-management factor (C Factor) is the USLE input variable that represents the changes in soil cover and management. We collected, compared, and evaluated sugarcane C Factor values reported in technical and scientific literature to support modelers and soil scientists on the adequate choice of these values. We analyzed references reporting primary C Factor values and sources that applied these values or described them. We found 50 references, showing a wide value variation ranging from 0.0012 to 0.5800. Thirteen references were primary sources. We found seven primary sources for Brazilian sugarcane growing conditions, but only two papers were peer-reviewed. Sugarcane C Factor modelers frequently used C values based on a poor understanding and description of the methodological and geographical origin of these values and out of the context of the specific crop management systems of application. Therefore, the results may not be compatible with the study site conditions. The primary sources lack clarity in the description of the site–specific environmental and management conditions in which the C Factors were obtained, hindering the use of these specificities by the end user.
subject: Revisão
  topic: section
subject: bibliometric research
  topic: keywords
subject: modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: soil loss
  topic: keywords
creator: Gustavo Casoni da Rocha
creator: Gerd Sparovek
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200234
ending page: e20200234
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0234

Sampling representativeness of soil carbon and physiological parameters of marandu palisadegrass in a tropical silvopastoral system
type: item
description: The sampling methods for soil and plant evaluation in integrated production systems need to be refined for their use in experiments. This study purposed a sampling representativeness model to evaluate soil carbon and physiological parameters of marandu palisadegrass intercropped with double rows of eucalyptus in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil. Four transects were delimited within the silvopastoral system and the soil was sampled at 0-5, 5-10, and 10- 20 cm depths to evaluate two parameters of soil organic matter: total organic carbon (TOC) and soil microbial carbon (Cmic). We also evaluated three physiological parameters of marandu palisadegrass: stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic rate. The sampling strategy was evaluated by the Hatheway and Modified Maximum Curvature (MMC) methods. We found that cultivation of the alley with forage grass and double rows of eucalyptus must be considered to ensure sampling representativeness in a silvopastoral system, once TOC and Cmic and physiological parameters showed variation within the integrated production system. The MMC method could be useful to evaluate silvopastoral systems for experiments and characterization of agricultural areas, as 11 soil samples are representative to evaluate Cmic and TOC, and 13 samples are enough to evaluate the physiological parameters in marandu palisadegrass. The Hatheway method could be applied to experiments that need higher accuracy with a reduction in the minimum difference to be detected between the treatments and a consequent increase in the number of samples to be collected.
subject: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
  topic: section
subject: Eucalyptus
  topic: keywords
subject: MMC method
  topic: keywords
subject: Hatheway method
  topic: keywords
subject: forage grass
  topic: keywords
subject: soil sampling
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaqueline de Cássia de Oliveira
creator: Alcinei Místico Azevedo
creator: Juliana Martins Ribeiro
creator: Igor Costa Freitas
creator: Rafael Ferreira Dias
creator: Ana Clara Santos Duarte
creator: Paula Franciele Melo
creator: Álvaro Luís Veloso
creator: Leidivan Almeida Frazão
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-04-22
publication date: 2021-04-22
starting page: e20200176
ending page: e20200176
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0176

Potential nutrient-response curves and sufficiency ranges for ‘Prata-Anã’ banana cultivated under two environmental conditions
type: item
description: Proper plant nutrition is critical to increasing the yield of bananas. The objective was to establish the potential nutrient-response curves and sufficiency ranges using the boundary line approach (BLA) and the method proposed by Kenworthy (MK) to assess the nutritional status of ‘Prata-Anã’ bananas cultivated under two environmental conditions. The study was carried out using a database comprising leaf nutrient concentrations and banana yields grown at Missão Velha, Ceará, and Ponto Novo, Bahia, Brazil. The reference population consisted of high-yielding plants with yields greater than the mean yield plus 0.5 standard deviation. The database was divided into two datasets. One contained 253 leaf analysis results and a reference population with a mean yield greater than 39.81 t ha–1 yr–1 at Missão Velha. The other contained 147 samples and a reference population with a mean yield greater than 41.69 t ha–1 yr–1 at Ponto Novo. The sufficiency ranges obtained by the BLA for ‘Prata-Anã’ banana in Bahia and Ceará, respectively, are: a) for macronutrients (g kg–1): N (19.3-22.0) and (19.9-22.1); P (1.4-2.0) and (1.4-1.6); K (22.6-32.2) and (24.0-31.3); Ca (4.6-6.5) and (5.3-5.8); Mg (1.8-2.6) and (2.1-2.7); S (1.3-2.0) and (1.3-1.5); b) for micronutrients (mg kg–1): B (8.4-13.0) and (13.7-16.4); Cu (5.6-8.4) and (4.4-5.2); Fe (54.2-77.6) and (39.0-55.0); Mn (140.1-222.8) and (64.0-91.0); Zn (13.5-18.3) and (12.4-14.5). The sufficiency ranges obtained by the BLA are more assertive when assessing the nutritional status for ‘Prata-Anã’ banana.
subject: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
  topic: section
subject: Musa spp.
  topic: keywords
subject: AAB
  topic: keywords
subject: site condition
  topic: keywords
subject: nutritional status
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnostic methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Vagner Alves Rodrigues Filho
creator: Júlio César Lima Neves
creator: Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato
creator: Bruno Vinícius Castro Guimarães
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200158
ending page: e20200158
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0158

Quality reference values for rare earth elements in soils from one of the last agricultural frontiers in Brazil
type: item
description: Environmental impacts caused by the addition of rare earth elements (REEs) to agricultural soils are a growing concern. The sedimentary basin of the Gurguéia River is located in one of the last agricultural frontiers in Brazil; nevertheless, data regarding quality reference values (QRVs) for REEs in soils are still scarce. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the natural concentration and establish the QRVs of REEs in soils of Gurguéia watershed, Brazil. Fifty-five composite soil samples were collected at sites under no or minimal anthropic interference. The average REE natural concentrations in soils from the Gurguéia watershed were lower than those found in other regions of Brazil and worldwide, following the order (mg kg–1): Ce (14.01) > Nd (6.19) > La (5.52) > Pr (2.51) > Sm (1.45) > Gd (0.93) > Dy (0.63) > Er (0.42) > Yb (0.39) > Tb (0.28) > Eu (0.26) > Lu (0.20). The parent material was the main factor that controlled the distribution of REEs in soils. The QRVs in soils followed the order (mg kg–1): Ce (18.8) > Nd (7.92) > La (6.32) > Pr (3.3) > Sm (1.97) > Gd (1.35) > Dy (0.85) > Er (0.55) > Yb (0.47) > Tb (0.37) > Lu (0.25). These values serve as a basis to assist the development of legislation, including REE thresholds for Brazilian soils.
subject: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
  topic: section
subject: REE geochemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: Gurguéia watershed
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxisols
  topic: keywords
subject: lanthanides
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuri Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva
creator: Eliabe Barros de Oliveira
creator: Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva
creator: Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento
creator: Tatiana dos Santos Silva
creator: Cácio Luiz Boechat
creator: Marcos Paulo Rodrigues Teixeira
creator: Ronny Sobreira Barbosa
creator: Vijay P. Singh
creator: Antonny Francisco Sampaio de Sena
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-04-22
publication date: 2021-04-22
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0069

Growth of provenances of Cryptocarya alba during water stress and after re–watering in the nursery
type: item
description: Intensification of drought in Mediterranean–type climates has limited seedling establishment. The knowledge of the ecology of selected species and its intraspecific variation to water stress at the seedling stage should be considered in order to overcome limitations. We investigated variations in growth, survival, and leaf–level physiology in four provenances of the endemic Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) during water stress and after re–watering. Seedlings were cultured in the nursery during 23 months and then subjected to two watering treatments based on soil water content (well–watered and water restriction, 0.38 and 0.17 cm3 cm–3, respectively) for 45 days. At the end of the watering treatments, seedling growth, above– and belowground biomass, survival, and leaf gas exchange were measured. Right after the watering treatments, the surviving seedlings were submitted to a recovery period of 21 days, in which all seedlings were re–watered at 0.38 cm3 cm–3 of soil water content and measured for leaf gas exchange. Provenances differed in growth and biomass allocation. Unlike growth and biomass, interaction between provenance and watering treatments was found for photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency of northern provenances, exhibiting the highest performance under water restriction. However, most variations observed occurred before the re–watering period and only a few occurred after this period. The four provenances under study exhibited similar photosynthesis and stomatal conductance after re–watering. Our study demonstrated phenotypic variation of C. alba and the capability of the species to withstand and recover from water stress.
subject: Ciência Florestal
  topic: section
subject: Sclerophyllus forests
  topic: keywords
subject: seed sources
  topic: keywords
subject: drought
  topic: keywords
subject: plasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: biomass allocation
  topic: keywords
creator: Sergio Enrique Espinoza Meza
creator: Marco Aliro Yáñez Arce
creator: Carlos Renato Magni Díaz
creator: Eduardo Enrique Martínez Herrera
creator: Juan Francisco Ovalle Ortega
creator: Suraj Antonio Vaswani Miranda
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200292
ending page: e20200292
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0292

Eucalyptus Subgenus Symphyomyrtus: Sections: Exsertaria, Latoangulatae and Maidenaria
type: item
description: Eucalypts are the most planted hardwood in the world, with 30 million ha. under cultivation. There are approximately 700 species of eucalypts, but more than 90 % of the plantations are concentrated in nine species of the Subgenus Symphyomyrtus in the Sections Exsertaria, Latoangulatae and Maidenaria. Since 2000, with the advancement of biotechnology, many species have been reclassified and regrouped according to their morphological and physiological characteristics, DNA structure and geographic distribution. This work had as its objective the formulation of a critical analysis which presents the main characteristics that will identify the species of Eucalyptus of these new sections. The species are classified mainly according to geographic distribution, where crosses occur; as evolution in the subgenus Symphyomyrtus is preferably reticulated (with backcrosses), which makes it difficult to identify the rate by molecular and morphological markers. Environmental ecological similarity will define whether the hybrid will become a new species or regress to one parent and become an ecotype. The hybrid will become a new species when it has ecological characteristics different from its parents.
subject: Ciência Florestal
  topic: section
subject: Eucalyptus
  topic: keywords
subject: Connexentes
  topic: keywords
subject: Transversae
  topic: keywords
subject: Globulares
  topic: keywords
subject: Viminales
  topic: keywords
creator: Laerte Scanavaca Júnior
creator: José Nivaldo Garcia
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200173
ending page: e20200173
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0173

Plasticizer types and whey protein coatings on internal quality and shelf life of eggs stored for 42 days
type: item
description: Effects of plasticizer types and whey protein concentrate (WPC) as coatings were evaluated on internal quality and shelf life of eggs stored for 42 days. Eggs were coated with WPC at 8 % solution combined with the plasticizers glycerol (GLY), sorbitol (SOR), and propylene glycol (PRO). The eggs were stored at 20 °C. Weight loss, Haugh Unit (HU), albumen and yolk pH, and yolk index (YI) were evaluated weekly from day 0 to 42 days. After, electron microscopy of the eggshell structure was performed. The data was submitted to the analysis of variance and the effects of treatment, storage time, and the interaction between these factors were evaluated. There was significant interaction between factors (treatment and periods) for weight loss (p < 0.0001), HU (p < 0.0001), albumen (p < 0.0001), and yolk pH (p < 0.0001), and YI (p < 0.0001). After 42 days, uncoated eggs showed greater weight loss (5.4 %), compared to WPC+GLY, (3.8 %), WPC+SOR (3.3 %) and WPC+PRO (3.9 %). Similar results were verified for HU at 42 days of storage. Uncoated eggs showed HU of 58.46 (B), while coated eggs showed higher values: WPC+GLY – 66.58 (A), WPC+SOR – 68.79 (A), and WPC + PRO – 71.53 (A). The plasticizers GLY, SOR and PRO, associated with WPC, demonstrated effectiveness in maintaining the quality of eggs throughout the 42 days of storage. However, WPC+SOR showed superiority in preserving quality integrity of eggs. This result can be related to the chemical structure of SOR, making the combination more efficient for storage.
subject: Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
  topic: section
subject: egg quality
  topic: keywords
subject: glycerol
  topic: keywords
subject: propylene glycol
  topic: keywords
subject: sorbitol
  topic: keywords
creator: Paula Gabriela da Silva Pires
creator: Carolina Haubert Franceschi
creator: Caroline Bavaresco
creator: Aline Fernanda Rodrigues Leuven
creator: Ines Andretta
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200271
ending page: e20200271
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0271

Weathering deterioration in pre-harvest of soybean seeds: physiological, physical, and morpho-anatomical changes
type: item
description: Successive cycles of water absorption and loss favor weathering deterioration, one of the main factors that affect the quality of soybean seeds. This study evaluated the physiological, physical, and morpho-anatomical changes in soybean seeds under weathering deterioration at the pre-harvest phase. Six soybean cultivars (BMX Apolo, DM 6563, NS 5959, NA 5909, BMX Potência, and TMG 1175) were produced in a greenhouse and underwent weathering deterioration through a rainfall simulation system, applying 0, 60, 120, and 180 mm of precipitation at pre-harvest phase. Each rainfall level was divided into two applications at an interval of 72 h: 60 mm (30 + 30), 120 mm (60 + 60), and 180 mm (90 + 90). After harvest, the seeds were evaluated for germination, vigor, physical and morpho-anatomical properties. Weathering deterioration induced by simulated rainfall at the pre-harvest phase contributes to the reduction in soybean seed germination and vigor and is conditioned by the soybean genotype. The increase in intensity of simulated rainfall led to a more significant weathering damage in seeds, as evidenced by the X-ray and tetrazolium test. Cultivars DM 6563 and BMX Potência were more susceptible, while NA 5909 was less susceptible to weathering deterioration (especially at the highest level; 120 mm and 180 mm). Anatomical changes caused by weathering deterioration lead to cell compaction and rupture, mainly in the cell layers of the hourglass and parenchyma, forming intracellular spaces. The presence of weathering damage caused a reduction in physiological soybean seed quality.
subject: Fitotecnia
  topic: section
subject: Glycine max L.
  topic: keywords
subject: X-ray
  topic: keywords
subject: anatomy
  topic: keywords
subject: precipitation
  topic: keywords
subject: physiological quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Teixeira Pinheiro
creator: Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias
creator: André Dantas de Medeiros
creator: João Paulo Oliveira Ribeiro
creator: Felipe Lopes da Silva
creator: Laércio Junio da Silva
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200166
ending page: e20200166
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0166

Supplemental irrigation using brackish water on maize in tropical semi-arid regions of Brazil: yield and economic analysis
type: item
description: Supplemental irrigation during dry spells could reduce maize yield losses in tropical semi-arid regions, notably in small farms. However, good quality water reserves are not sufficient to meet the demands of farming communities. Consequently, our objective was to evaluate the productivity and profitability of maize under different simulated rainfall scenarios, with and without supplemental irrigation (SI) with brackish water. The field experiments were carried out during the cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019 on Ultisol. The experiment followed a randomized block design in the split-plot scheme with four replicates. The plots were formed by simulating the water supply in the soil corresponding to four water scenarios (rainy, normal, drought and severe drought), and the sub-plots with or without SI with brackish water (Electrical conductivity of 4.5 dS m–1). Mean yields of green maize ears were 13,083, 11,532, 10,358 and 9,609 kg ha–1 for rainy, normal, drought and severe drought scenarios, as supplemented with brackish water. For the same treatments without SI the values were 11,394, 7,896, 3,913 and 1,374 kg ha–1, respectively. Data on farmer’s income showed that under normal, drought and severe drought supplementation with brackish water becomes economically advantageous from 0.9, 1.0 and 2.4 ha, respectively, while maize cultivation without SI is not advantageous under the last two scenarios. For severe drought conditions, however, SI using brackish water reduced commercial yield by 27 % with negative effects on the farmers’ profitability. In this case, it is necessary to use water with either lower salinity or select salt tolerant crops.
subject: Fitotecnia
  topic: section
subject: rainfed farming
  topic: keywords
subject: salinity
  topic: keywords
subject: supplementary irrigation
  topic: keywords
subject: biosaline agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Eduardo Santos Cavalcante
creator: Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda
creator: Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa
creator: Hans Raj Gheyi
creator: Luciana Luzia Pinho
creator: Francisco Mardones Sérvulo Bezerra
creator: Adriana Cruz de Oliveira
creator: Juvenaldo Florentino Canjá
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200151
ending page: e20200151
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0151

Protein to energy ratios and cost, performance, and ammonia excretion in juvenile jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), South American catfish
type: item
description: The determination of nutritional requirements, based on diets administered in practice, considers physiological specificities and sustainability are essential to the development of suitable aquaculture technologies for novel fish species. The growth of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen Quoy and Gaimard) juveniles (31.54 ± 4.92 g) fed five diets comprising increasing levels of digestible protein (DP: 24, 29, 34, 39, and 44 %) and digestible energy (DE: 12.13, 13.39, 13.81, 14.64, and 15.06 MJ kg–1) with DP:DE ratios: 20, 22, 25, 27, and 29 g MJ–1, respectively, was evaluated. Each diet was fed to three groups of 25 fish for 75 days. Regression analysis showed that the different DP:DE ratios affected both growth and economic performance as well as excretion of total ammonia nitrogen. Fish fed diets with DP:DE ratios between 22 and 27 g MJ–1 achieved a higher daily weight gain, superior apparent net protein utilization, feed conversion rates, and lower feed costs. For the economically viable and environmentally friendly farming of jundiá juveniles in the initial grow–out stage (30 to 80 g average weight), the best DP:DE ratio was 25 g MJ–1 DP:DE (34.05 % DP and 13.81 MJ kg–1 DE).
subject: Ciência Animal e Pastagens
  topic: section
subject: DP:DE
  topic: keywords
subject: nutritional requirements
  topic: keywords
subject: nitrogen excretion
  topic: keywords
subject: practical diets
  topic: keywords
creator: Luiz Eduardo Lima de Freitas
creator: Tarcila Souza de Castro Silva
creator: Débora Machado Fracalossi
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200288
ending page: e20200288
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0288

Estimation of productive losses caused by withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoter from pig diets – Meta-analysis
type: item
description: This study was designed to simulate productive and economic losses due to the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) from pig diets. Articles that compared diets with AGP (AGP+) or without AGP (AGP–) for pigs were collected from electronic databases and the performance results were entered in a database. A meta-analysis was performed following the sequence: graphical analysis, correlation, and variance-covariance. The performance results observed in the meta-analysis, feed cost, and AGP costs were used to build equations to estimate the economic effect of withdrawing AGP. The database comprised 81 scientific articles containing 103 experiments totalizing 42,923 pigs. Avilamycin (24.7 %) was the most frequent AGP in the database, followed by Colistin (15.4 %), Tiamulin (11.7 %), Tylosin (8.0 %), Lincomycin (9.4 %), and Bacitracin (5.4 %). Weight gain (p < 0.05) increased in AGP+ diets during postweaning (6.5 %). However, there was no effect of AGP on weight gain of growing-finishing pigs. There was better (p < 0.05) feed conversion in pigs fed AGP+ diets in all rearing phases. Weight gain and feed conversion improved (p < 0.05) with the addition of Avilamycin, Bacitracin, and Tylosin. AGP withdrawal in the post-weaning phase increased feed costs by US$ 0.86 per animal and in growing-finishing phase the increase was US$ 3.11. Thus, pigs fed AGP+ diets have a better performance than pigs fed AGP- diets and the withdrawal of AGP increases feed costs.
subject: Ciência Animal e Pastagens
  topic: section
subject: addditive
  topic: keywords
subject: feed conversion
  topic: keywords
subject: feed cost
  topic: keywords
subject: productive cost
  topic: keywords
subject: swine
  topic: keywords
creator: Kátia Maria Cardinal
creator: Ines Andretta
creator: Marcos Kipper da Silva
creator: Thais Bastos Stefanello
creator: Bruna Schroeder
creator: Andréa Machado Leal Ribeiro
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200266
ending page: e20200266
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0266

Biosurfactants synthesized by endophytic Bacillus strains as control of Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri
type: item
description: Ecuador is responsible for up to 70 % of the world’s production of fine flavor cocoa. Although fungal diseases have reduced cocoa production, eco–friendly alternatives have been implemented to control the spread of phytopathogens. This study aimed to explore the potential of endophytic strains isolated from fine flavor Nacional cocoa trees to synthetize compounds with antimicrobial and surface active properties. It was determined that under in vitro conditions, seven strains (DS03, DS07, DS18, DS23, DS31, DS34 and DS50) exhibited antifungal activity that inhibited the mycelial growth of Moniliophthora roreri and Moniliophthora perniciosa. The strains were identified based on their morphological (pattern forming Bacilli) and genetic characteristics using the 16S SSU rRNA gene sequences. Furthermore, we determined that the endophytic strains contained genes that encoded the lipopeptides Fengycin (fenA, fenB, fenC, fenE), Iturin (ituB, ituC, ituD), and Bacyllomicin D (bamC, bamD). The production of biosurfactant compounds was determined by a reduction in surface tension in the mineral medium. Additionally, the biosurfactant crude extract (BCE) was tested for its inhibitory activity against M. perniciosa and M. roreri. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 0.07 and 0.035 mg mL–1, respectively, in both cases in a fungistatic action mode. The swelling granulation and fragmentation of both phytopathogens’ hyphae were observed using the BCE treatment. These results suggested the biocontrol capacity of the endophytic strains, which under in vitro conditions, have the ability to synthesize antifungal and surface active compounds that might be used as an ecological alternative in cocoa plants to prevent infection by phytopathogens.
subject: Microbiologia Agrícola
  topic: section
subject: antimicrobial biosurfactant
  topic: keywords
subject: biocontrol
  topic: keywords
subject: cocoa
  topic: keywords
subject: endophytes microorganisms
  topic: keywords
creator: Lizette Serrano
creator: Andrea Sosa Moreno
creator: Daynet Sosa Del Castillo
creator: Julio Bonilla
creator: Christian A. Romero
creator: Luis Lenin Galarza
creator: Jonathan Ricardo Coronel–León
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200172
ending page: e20200172
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0172

Optimization of banana plantlets acclimatization by hydroponic cultivation
type: item
description: Acclimatization is the final phase of banana plantlet production by micropropagation. In this phase, the plantlets are grown in a protected environment with high demand for water, fertilizer and labor, until reaching the standard size and quality required for marketing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of reducing these costs and the duration of the acclimatization phase, using the hydroponic cultivation technique as compared to the conventional system. ‘Prata–Anã’ banana plantlet performance was measured for both systems under both tropical summer and winter conditions, based upon water and nutrient use efficiency and growing time of the plantlets. In both seasons, the plantlets produced hydroponically presented faster growth of both the shoot and root systems. There was a reduction of 12 days to reach the transplantation point, a significant reduction in plantlet production cost (fertilizers + water) and improved efficiency in space use with an expressive increase in the number of plantlets produced per square meter.
subject: Construções Rurais
  topic: section
subject: Musa spp.
  topic: keywords
subject: soil–less cultivation
  topic: keywords
subject: water use efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: growth
  topic: keywords
creator: Iumi da Silva Toyosumi
creator: Tibério Santos Martins da Silva
creator: Diego Magalhães Melo
creator: André Dias de Azevedo Neto
creator: Tales Miler Soares
creator: Maurício Antonio Coelho Filho
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200165
ending page: e20200165
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0165

Map of total phosphorus content in native soils of Brazil
type: item
description: Knowledge of the distribution of total phosphorus (P) content in native soils provides information on the management of ecosystem, land capability for agriculture, environmental quality, and biodiversity conservation. We mapped the spatial distribution of total P concentrations in topsoils (0-30 cm) of uncultivated (native) areas in Brazil. We obtained data on native total P of the southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern regions from reports of exploratory projects developed between 1960s and 1970s by EMBRAPA and by the RADAM Brazil Project. We estimated data from the central-western and northern regions from the relationship between total P and soil properties (Fe, Al, C and clay content), based on the RADAM Brazil Project. Soil total P varied widely (< 25 to > 500 mg kg–1) in all regions in Brazil. Higher concentrations (> 500 mg kg–1) were observed in southern region compared to most of the rest of the country (< 200 mg kg–1), while the Cerrado (Central), Amazon (North) and Caatinga (Northeast) biomes are very poor in total P. This first national native soil total P map provides a valuable baseline for understanding the historical patterns of agriculture expansion in Brazil. It allows quantifying the effect of agriculture expansion and future cropping systems on soil available P content and legacy P, targeting regional soil-crop specific strategies for optimization of ecosystem services, and mitigating potential environmental risk due to P transference to water bodies.
subject: Nota
  topic: section
subject: soil native P
  topic: keywords
subject: legacy P
  topic: keywords
subject: soil total P
  topic: keywords
subject: agriculture expansion
  topic: keywords
creator: Paulo Sergio Pavinato
creator: Gustavo Cassoni Rocha
creator: Maurício Roberto Cherubin
creator: Ian Harris
creator: Davey Leonard Jones
creator: Paul John Anthony Withers
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200077
ending page: e20200077
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0077

Absorption and mobility of radio-labelled calcium in chili pepper plants and sweet cherry trees
type: item
description: Calcium (Ca) is often supplied to crop species to prevent the occurrence of Ca–related disorders. Mechanisms of Ca absorption and transport are not fully understood and the effectiveness of root and/or foliar Ca fertilization may be variable. To characterize the rate of Ca absorption and transport, trials were developed with chili pepper and sweet cherry plants, using 45CaCl2 as a tracer. The Ca treatments supplied were: (1) No 45Ca (control); (2) 45Ca soil application; (3) 45Ca supply to basal leaves, and (4) 45Ca application to apical leaves. After two months, plants were harvested for biomass and Ca content determination. The recovery of 45Ca in different plant parts was measured with a liquid scintillation counter and leaf traits were observed by scanning electronic microscopy. In general, the highest 45Ca concentrations were recovered in treated organs, while root applications led to highest 45Ca translocation rates, which varied between chili pepper and cherry plants. For chili pepper, 45Ca applied to the soil was detected mainly in roots (44 %) followed by leaves (36.6 %) stems (17.4 %) and fruits (2 %). In sweet cherry trees, soil–applied 45Ca was principally recovered in roots (45.3 %), shoots (28.5 %), leaves (14.3 %) and trunks (11.9 %). The results provide evidence of increased absorption of root–applied Ca, as well as different degrees of Ca mobility between species. Foliar application led to major Ca increases in treated leaves, with Ca transported to other plant organs after apical leaf Ca supply chiefly in cherry trees.
subject: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
  topic: section
subject: fertilizers
  topic: keywords
subject: fertilizer application methods
  topic: keywords
subject: horticultural crops
  topic: keywords
subject: plant nutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: radioisotopes
  topic: keywords
creator: Claudia Bonomelli
creator: Carolina Alcalde
creator: Camila Aguilera
creator: Ximena Videla
creator: Ximena Rojas-Silva
creator: Adriana Nario
creator: Victoria Fernandez
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200092
ending page: e20200092
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0092

Mineralogical, chemical and electrochemical attributes of soils
type: item
description: A set of attributes endows the soils with distinctive characteristics and astute understanding is required in order to formulate suitable strategies for soil management. The aim of this study was to physically, chemically and mineralogically characterize samples of the main soil classes in Minas Gerais, Brazil, determine the point of zero salt effect (PZSE) and the point of zero charge (PZC), and ascertain the correlation between these factors and soil attributes. The soils evaluated presented different textural classes ranging from loamy sand (Entisol) to very clayey (some Oxisols and Ultisols). The soils differed substantially in terms of fertility, presenting a range from dystrophic (low fertility, base saturation < 50 %) to eutrophic character (fertility, base saturation ≥ 50 %), even within the same soil class, such as the Oxisols, which suggests the concurrence of the parent material. Highly weathered soils are predominant in Minas Gerais and these soils are composed predominantly of kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite and hematite. Traces of hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite and illite were also found in the Oxisols, Ultisols and Inceptisols. A correlation between the PZSE and the PZC in the A horizon was observed. A high degree of correlation was observed between the PZC and the exchangeable aluminum and the ratio of iron obtained by ammonium oxalate and dithionite-citrate (Feo/Fed) in both the A and B horizons of soil classes. The results obtained reinforce the importance of knowledge of soil attributes to the adoption of practices such as the management of phosphate fertilization in clayey soils and liming in soils rich in aluminum.
subject: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
  topic: section
subject: soil attributes
  topic: keywords
subject: weathered soils
  topic: keywords
subject: secondary minerals
  topic: keywords
subject: mineralogical composition
  topic: keywords
subject: point of zero charge
  topic: keywords
creator: Cecília Calhau Almeida
creator: Maurício Paulo Ferreira Fontes
creator: Adriana Cristina Dias
creator: Thiago Torres Costa Pereira
creator: João Carlos Ker
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200071
ending page: e20200071
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0071

Soil morphostructural characterization and coffee root distribution under agroforestry system with Hevea Brasiliensis
type: item
description: Land use and tillage practices may change soil structure and undermine sustainable agriculture; however, such changes are hardly identified in the short term. In this sense, agroforestry systems have been used to reduce soil degradation and promote sustainable production in coffee plantations. These areas are expected to have well-structured soils and hence improved root distribution. This study aimed to evaluate soil quality by the morphostructural and root distribution analyses comparing open-grown coffee and coffee in agroforestry systems with rubber trees for 19 years, in an Oxisol in northern Paraná State (Brazil). Treatments consisted of open-grown coffee (OG), coffee partially shaded by rubber trees (PSH), and coffee fully shaded by rubber trees (FSH). The mapping of morphostructural features and soil resistance to penetration in “cultural profile” walls identified changes in soil structure resulting from different tillage systems. Root distribution was better in coffee plants grown in PSH and FSH systems. At greater depths, cultural profiles of FSH and PSH showed a larger numbers of roots compared to OG. Among the three systems, PSH provided a better environment for root growth and distribution. This result could be attributed to the high biological activity and interaction between roots and aggregates in that profile. The FSH agroforestry system provided less compact morphological structures and more roots throughout the soil profile. The agroforestry systems presented fewer soil structural changes by tillage operations and lower values of soil penetration resistance. Coffee root distribution was an effective indicator of soil quality and consistent with the morphostructural characterization of cultural profile.
subject: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
  topic: section
subject: cultural profile
  topic: keywords
subject: soil physics
  topic: keywords
subject: compaction
  topic: keywords
subject: penetrometry
  topic: keywords
subject: rubber treepoint of zero charge
  topic: keywords
creator: Amanda Letícia Pit Nunes
creator: Glassys Louise de Souza Cortez
creator: Geovanna Cristina Zaro
creator: Thiago Ometto Zorzenoni
creator: Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo
creator: Alex Figueiredo
creator: Gisele Silva de Aquino
creator: Cristiane de Conti Medina
creator: Ricardo Ralisch
creator: Paulo Henrique Caramori
creator: Maria de Fátima Guimarães
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20190150
ending page: e20190150
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0150

Integrated technology roadmapping in startups: a case study of an AgTech in the Cachaça industry
type: item
description: Companies develop strategies to describe where they want to go and how they will reach their destination. Business strategies are useful but may not be sufficiently detailed for areas of high importance, such as technology and innovation. In this paper we examined the effort of building a technology roadmap with an early growth stage company located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Roadmaps are easy to design yet flexible tools that can allow decision makers to explore a myriad of possible strategies. However, the challenges ahead for new companies facing uncertain growth scenarios demand that framework conditions be adequately addressed, and that innovation culture and technology management tools are integrated with the technology roadmapping strategy. Based on the empirical evidence collected from the startup studied, along with the literature and interviews with key stakeholders, this paper developed a pathway to support technology and innovation plans for startups going through similar growth stages and provides directions for future research in the area, given the scarcity of evidence available of new high-tech companies’ efforts in planning and developing new products.
subject: Revisão
  topic: section
subject: Industry 4.0
  topic: keywords
subject: technology roadmap
  topic: keywords
subject: cachaça
  topic: keywords
subject: electronic-nose
  topic: keywords
creator: Giovanni Casagrande Silvello
creator: Alex da Silva Alves
creator: André Ricardo Alcarde
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-04-07
publication date: 2021-04-07
starting page: e20190343
ending page: e20190343
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0343

A short review: Comparisons of high-throughput phenotyping methods for detecting drought tolerance
type: item
description: Drought is a major threat worldwide for crop production, especially due to the rapid climate changes. Current drought solutions involve improving irrigation system, rainwater harvesting, damming, cloud seeding, and changes of cultivation methods. Despite effective, each solution has economic, environmental, and temporal drawbacks. Among all solutions, the most effective, inexpensive and manageable method is the use of drought-tolerant cultivars via plant breeding. However, conventional plant breeding is a time-consuming and laborious task, especially for phenotypic data acquisition of target traits of numerous progenies. Highthroughput phenotyping (HTP) is a recently developed method and has potential to overcome the mentioned issues. HTP offers massive, accurate, rapid, and automatic data acquisition in the breeding procedure and can be a breakthrough for developing drought resistant/tolerant cultivars. This study introduces various methods of HTP to detect drought stress, which can accelerate the breeding processes of drought-tolerant cultivars to provide helpful guidelines for breeders and researchers to choose appropriate methods.
subject: Revisão
  topic: section
subject: sensors
  topic: keywords
subject: , remote sensing platforms
  topic: keywords
subject: image analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: drought solution
  topic: keywords
subject: plant breeding
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaeyoung Kim
creator: Ki-Seung Kim
creator: Yoonha Kim
creator: Yong Suk Chung
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-04-09
publication date: 2021-04-09
starting page: e20190300300
ending page: e20190300300
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0300

Processing Eucalyptus cloeziana seed lots to improve purity, germination and vigor
type: item
description: Eucalyptus cloeziana is one of the highest-density wood species offering significant added value, frequently used in the construction and furniture industries. Despite its suitability, it may be overlooked on account of its propagation difficulties due either to its low rooting cutting capacity or to its seeds having a low germination rate perhaps attributable to the high proportion of indistinguishable impurities within the seed lots. This study aimed to develop an efficient technique for Eucalyptus cloeziana seed processing to increase the physical purity and, consequently, the physiological quality of the seed lot. Three seed lots, separated by size in sieves with 1.18, 1.00, and 0.84 mm square openings, were used. X-ray analyses were carried out, the number of normal seedlings and germination rate identified and the percentage and speed of seedling emergence under greenhouse conditions ascertained. The greenhouse evaluation showed that the seed retained in the 1.18 mm sieve presented viability and vigor twice that of the control. Therefore, the processing technique by size classification is efficient in terms of improving the physical and physiological performance of Eucalyptus cloeziana seed lots.
subject: Nota
  topic: section
subject: eucalypt
  topic: keywords
subject: physical purity
  topic: keywords
subject: emergence
  topic: keywords
subject: seedlings
  topic: keywords
creator: Thomas Bruno Michelon
creator: Elisa Serra Negra Vieira
creator: Maristela Panobianco
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20190299
ending page: e20190299
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0299

Replacing the (inefficient) manual runoff sampling method used in Brazil – a prototype sample splitter
type: item
description: The method used to sample the runoff collected from soil erosion plots can be a significant source of error. In this study, we performed a laboratory experiment to evaluate the efficiency of the runoff sampling method most commonly used in Brazil. It is based on the manual homogenization and sampling of the collected runoff. Using soil material with 583 g kg–1 of sand and 89 g kg–1 of clay, the manual sampling method was tested for its ability to produce representative samples of artificial suspensions with a concentration of 2, 10 and 50 g L–1 of total solids. An underestimation of 30 % or more of the concentration of total solids was observed, with a variation of the same magnitude (CV between 20 and 45 %). We then developed a prototype sample splitter to replace the manual sampling method and tested it using the same artificial suspensions. The splitter was efficient in producing samples representative of the artificial suspensions, even without altering the particle size distribution of the total solids. Both absolute percentage errors (|< 5 %|) and the variation between five replicates (CV < 3 %) were small. The problems with the manual method are due to the inefficient homogenization that facilitates the differential sedimentation of particles of different sizes. If these problems are also found in other areas, then the prototype that we developed is a reasonable alternative.
subject: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
  topic: section
subject: erosion monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: soil loss
  topic: keywords
subject: sandy soil
  topic: keywords
subject: uncertainty
  topic: keywords
creator: Alessandro Samuel-Rosa
creator: Jean Michel Moura-Bueno
creator: Ricardo Simão Diniz Dalmolin
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20190117
ending page: e20190117
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0117

Sombric-like horizon and xanthization in polychrome subtropical soils from Southern Brazil: implications for soil classification
type: item
description: The occurrence of dark subsurface horizons rich in organic matter (OM) associated with polychrome in the B horizon (yellowish over reddish hue) is common in soils from Southern Brazil. The formation of these horizons and the combination with such morphological attributes has not been properly documented, and neither has the cause effect relationship. Four soil profiles with such sombric-like horizons with a yellowish color at the upper part of the B horizon over red subsoil were studied in Southern Brazil. Results from micromorphology, extractable sesquioxide minerals, clay mineralogy and isomorphic substitution of Fe by Al in iron minerals showed that melanization, xanthization, bioturbation, moderate shrinking/swelling and moderate ferralitization were the most evident pedogenetic processes in role. Xanthization is closely related to the sombric-like horizon formation. In the studied area the findings demonstrated that no clay and OM illuviation had taken place. Therefore, the classification of these soils was revisited, so as to take into account the processes that underlie their genesis with emphasis on xanthization, clay illuviation and soil aggregation. The results suggest that the sombric horizon may need redefinition, unless profiles can be found in which illuviation of clay and/or OM can be proven.
subject: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
  topic: section
subject: Argissolos
  topic: keywords
subject: goethite
  topic: keywords
subject: dark subsurface horizon
  topic: keywords
subject: shiny peds
  topic: keywords
subject: matte aggregate faces
  topic: keywords
creator: Mariane Chiapini
creator: Jairo Calderari de Oliveira Junior
creator: Judith Schellekens
creator: Jaime Antonio de Almeida
creator: Peter Buurman
creator: Pablo Vidal-Torrado
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20190115
ending page: e20190115
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0115

Genomic prediction of leaf rust resistance to Arabica coffee using machine learning algorithms
type: item
description: Genomic selection (GS) emphasizes the simultaneous prediction of the genetic effects of thousands of scattered markers over the genome. Several statistical methodologies have been used in GS for the prediction of genetic merit. In general, such methodologies require certain assumptions about the data, such as the normality of the distribution of phenotypic values. To circumvent the non-normality of phenotypic values, the literature suggests the use of Bayesian Generalized Linear Regression (GBLASSO). Another alternative is the models based on machine learning, represented by methodologies such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Decision Trees (DT) and related possible refinements such as Bagging, Random Forest and Boosting. This study aimed to use DT and its refinements for predicting resistance to orange rust in Arabica coffee. Additionally, DT and its refinements were used to identify the importance of markers related to the characteristic of interest. The results were compared with those from GBLASSO and ANN. Data on coffee rust resistance of 245 Arabica coffee plants genotyped for 137 markers were used. The DT refinements presented equal or inferior values of Apparent Error Rate compared to those obtained by DT, GBLASSO, and ANN. Moreover, DT refinements were able to identify important markers for the characteristic of interest. Out of 14 of the most important markers analyzed in each methodology, 9.3 markers on average were in regions of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to resistance to disease listed in the literature.
subject: Genética e Melhoramento
  topic: section
subject: Hemileia vastatrix
  topic: keywords
subject: statistical learning
  topic: keywords
subject: plant breeding
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
creator: Ithalo Coelho de Sousa
creator: Moysés Nascimento
creator: Gabi Nunes Silva
creator: Ana Carolina Campana Nascimento
creator: Cosme Damião Cruz
creator: Fabyano Fonseca e Silva
creator: Dênia Pires de Almeida
creator: Kátia Nogueira Pestana
creator: Camila Ferreira Azevedo
creator: Laércio Zambolim
creator: Eveline Teixeira Caixeta
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20200021
ending page: e20200021
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0021

Comparison of ethylene carbonate and formamide as components of the hybridization mixture in FISH
type: item
description: The protocols for in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques can vary considerably; however, they usually include denaturation and hybridization steps. Denaturing compounds are used to reduce denaturation and hybridization temperature, which keeps the proper morphology of the preparation. Formamide is the most commonly used reagent in in situ hybridization to lower the melting temperature. The substitution of toxic formamide for a non-toxic ethylene carbonate at 20 % and 50 % concentration in the hybridization mixture helped obtain a high quality in situ hybridization result with two sequences characteristic for rye, JNK, and Bilby. The results after hybridization, with a duration of 90 min and 16 h, were identical when formamide or ethylene carbonate were used in the mixture. In addition, the toxic formamide was eliminated from the post-hybridization steps and specific hybridization signals for both probes were still obtained.
subject: Genética e Melhoramento
  topic: section
subject: Secale
  topic: keywords
subject: in situ hybridization
  topic: keywords
subject: repeated sequences
  topic: keywords
subject: non-toxic
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna Kalinka
creator: Monika Myśliwy
creator: Magdalena Achrem
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20190315
ending page: e20190315
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0315

Acylated anthocyanins from organic purple-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) produced in Brazil
type: item
description: Acylated anthocyanins from a purple-fleshed sweet potato (PFSP), obtained by organic cultivation in Brazil, were characterized after separation by a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-PDA). These anthocyanins were manually collected at the detector output, concentrated and injected into a high resolution mass spectrometer (ESIQTOF-MS2). Twenty-two acylated anthocyanins were detected. Among them, sixteen had been reported in the literature and six, derived from peonidin were reported for the first time in sweet potato roots in this study. These compounds showed molecular ions with accurate mass/charge ratios (m/z) of 909.2081, 961.3010, 961.2571, 963.3345, 1123.2932 and 1179.3862. Although anthocyanins in PFSP have already been extensively studied, the variety studied in this work is probably genetically different from all varieties and cultivars already researched, which would explain why these anthocyanins have not been observed in the previously studied varieties.
subject: Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
  topic: section
subject: phenolic
  topic: keywords
subject: mass spectrometry
  topic: keywords
subject: natural dye
  topic: keywords
subject: antioxidant
  topic: keywords
creator: Monalisa Santana Coelho de Jesus
creator: Manuela Cristina Pessanha de Araújo Santiago
creator: Sidney Pacheco
creator: Ana Cristina Miranda Senna Gouvêa
creator: Luzimar da Silva de Mattos do Nascimento
creator: Renata Galhardo Borguini
creator: José Guilherme Marinho Guerra
creator: José Antonio Azevedo Espindola
creator: Ronoel Luiz de Oliveira Godoy
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20190309
ending page: e20190309
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0309

Low doses of monensin for lambs fed diets containing high level of ground flint corn
type: item
description: Two experiments were proposed to evaluate the addition of monensin for lambs fed diets containing a high level of mature ground flint corn. The experimental diets were as follows: no inclusion of monensin (M0) and inclusion of 8 (M8), 16 (M16) and 24 mg kg–1 of monensin (M24). In experiment 1, eight cannulated wethers were divided into a double 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design to evaluate nutrient digestibility, plasma parameters and rumen fermentation. The experiment lasted 112 days, divided into four periods of 28 days each. In experiment 2, ninety-two lambs were used in a randomized block design to evaluate the performance over 56 days. In experiment 1, doses of monensin had no effect on nutrient intake (p ≥ 0.07) and digestibility (p ≥ 0.09). There was a quadratic effect for acetate molar proportion (p = 0.01), acetate to propionate ratio (p = 0.04) and rumen pH (p < 0.01). However, there was no effect on the molar proportion of propionate and butyrate. The monensin decreased linearly the total SCFA concentration (p < 0.01). The inclusion of monensin increased glucose (p < 0.01) and decreased lactate concentration in plasma (p = 0.05). In experiment 2, monensin decreased dry matter intake (p = 0.04). However, there was a quadratic effect for average daily gain (p = 0.03) and feed efficiency (p < 0.01), with the greatest values observed for the M8 diet. Thus, the inclusion of 8 mg kg–1 of dry matter diet (DM) improves ruminal fermentation and plasma parameters, resulting in greater growth performance in lambs.
subject: Ciência Animal e Pastagens
  topic: section
subject: feed efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: propionate
  topic: keywords
subject: sheep
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Montanher Polizel
creator: André Storti Martins
creator: Alexandre Arantes Miszura
creator: Marcos Vinícius de Castro Ferraz Júnior
creator: Analisa Vasques Bertoloni
creator: Gabriela Bagio Oliveira
creator: José Paulo Roman Barroso
creator: Evandro Maia Ferreira
creator: Alexandre Vaz Pires
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20190263
ending page: e20190263
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0263

Sequential feeding with diets varying in amino acid content for growing-finishing pigs
type: item
description: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of daily phase feeding (DP) and sequential feeding (SEQ) on the feeding behavior, performance, and body composition of growing-finishing pigs. Sixty barrows at 29.7 ± 2.8 kg body weight (BW) were assigned to one of four treatments: DP with a blended proportion of feeds A (high nutrient density) and B (low nutrient density) was adjusted to match 100 % of daily amino acid (AA) diet recommendations (DP100); a negative treatment, which matched 70 % of daily AA diet recommendations (DP70); and two SEQ with a blend of feeds A and B, adjusted twice a day (at 00h00 and 12h00), to match 70 or 110 % of daily AA diet recommendations during two 12 h intervals: SEQ110-70 and SEQ70-110. DP70 and SEQ showed a lower feed consumption rate compared to DP100 (p < 0.05). Compare to DP100, pigs in both SEQ programs had a similar average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency ratio (G:F) and body fat and lean mass ( p > 0.05). SEQ110-70 and SEQ70-110 showed similar ADFI, ADG, G:F and body lean mass (p > 0.05). However, fat gain was greater in SEQ110-70 than in SEQ70-110 (p < 0.05). Overall, the SEQ program does not improve performance and body composition. Furthermore, feeding pigs a diet with a higher AA level during the first 12 h of the day and a lower AA level during the remainder of the day increases fat deposition.
subject: Ciência Animal e Pastagens
  topic: section
subject: circadian rhythms
  topic: keywords
subject: daily feeding phase
  topic: keywords
subject: feeding techniques
  topic: keywords
subject: precision feeding
  topic: keywords
creator: Welex Cândido da Silva
creator: Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado Campos
creator: Luan Sousa dos Santos
creator: Alini Mari Veira
creator: Alícia Zem Fraga
creator: Luciano Hauschild
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-04-09
publication date: 2021-04-09
starting page: e20190241
ending page: e20190241
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0241

Temperature influences swine wastewater treatment by aquatic plants
type: item
description: Studies show that aquatic plants are an efficient alternative to minimize the harmful effects of wastewater. Two species of aquatic macrophytes (Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes) were chosen to evaluate the temperature effect on the performance of these macrophytes species in a post-treatment system of swine wastewater. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Toledo, Paraná State, Brazil. For the experimental system, 24 concrete tanks with 80 L capacity were used, each measuring approximately 1.5 m in length, 0.25 m in width and 0.16 m deep. Wastewater characteristics and variables hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured weekly. After, we analyzed the aquatic macrophytes and centesimal composition. The use of aquatic macrophytes was efficient for final swine wastewater polishing. Nitrogen removal showed higher efficiency in the summer period for both species studied. The abiotic variables (pH and EC) presented better results during the winter for both species evaluated. Air and wastewater low temperatures did not influence these variables. Dissolved oxygen presented better results in the summer period for E. crassipes species. There was a significant increase in N and P contents in the plant tissue. This fact proves that the use of aquatic macrophytes is an interesting alternative for swine wastewater treatment.
subject: Construções Rurais
  topic: section
subject: Pistia stratiotes
  topic: keywords
subject: Eichhornia crassipes
  topic: keywords
subject: nitrogen
  topic: keywords
subject: phosphorus
  topic: keywords
subject: macrophytes
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Eduardo Weirich
creator: Aldi Feiden
creator: Camila Silveira Souza
creator: Clarice Rossato Marchetti
creator: Valdemir Aleixo
creator: Élcio Silvério Klosowski
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-04-09
publication date: 2021-04-09
starting page: e20190325
ending page: e20190325
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0325

Evapotranspiration mapping of commercial corn fields in Brazil using SAFER algorithm
type: item
description: SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) is a relatively new algorithm applied successfully to estimate actual crop evapotranspiration (ET) at different spatial scales of different crops in Brazil. However, its use for monitoring irrigated crops is scarce and needs further investigation. This study assessed the performance of SAFER to estimate ET of irrigated corn in a Brazilian semiarid region. The study was conducted in São Desidério, Bahia State, Brazil, in corn-cropped areas in no-tillage systems and irrigated by central pivots. SAFER algorithm with original regression coefficients (a = 1.8 and b = –0.008) was initially tested during the growing seasons of 2014, 2015, and 2016. SAFER performed very poorly for estimating corn ET, with RMSD values greater than 1.18 mm d–1 for 12 fields analyzed and NSE values < 0 in most fields. To improve estimates, SAFER regression coefficients were calibrated (using 2014 and 2015 data) and validated with 2016 data, with the resulting coefficients a and b equal to 0.32 and –0.0013, respectively. SAFER performed well for ET estimation after calibration, with r2 and NSE values equal to 0.91 and RMSD = 0.469 mm d–1. SAFER also showed good performance (r2 = 0.86) after validation, with the lowest RMSD (0.58 mm d–1) values for the set of 14 center pivots in this growing season. The results support the use of calibrated SAFER algorithm as a tool for estimating water consumption in irrigated corn fields in semiarid conditions.
subject: Construções Rurais
  topic: section
subject: Landsat
  topic: keywords
subject: water consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: maize
  topic: keywords
subject: remote sensing
  topic: keywords
creator: Luan Peroni Venancio
creator: Everardo Chartuni Mantovani
creator: Cibele Hummel do Amaral
creator: Christopher Michael Usher Neale
creator: Roberto Filgueiras
creator: Ivo Zution Gonçalves
creator: Fernando França da Cunha
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-04-09
publication date: 2021-04-09
starting page: e20190261
ending page: e20190261
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0261

Homogeneous zones of vegetation index for characterizing variability and site-specific management in vineyards
type: item
description: Characterization of the spatial variability of vegetative vigor in vineyards can help improve the performance of site-specific management practices, or the management of vineyards with different rates. Characterization using canopy proximal sensing has been a widely disseminated technique; however, vineyards in southeastern Brazil, where the utilization of annual double pruning results in a winter harvest, knowledge of the role of variability in improving vineyard management has not yet been applied. This study aimed to determine if post-veraison mapping of a normalized difference vegetation index could be used to assess the variability in grapevine vigor, water status, physiology, yield and berry quality attributes at harvest in an irrigated vineyard in southeastern Brazil. This normalized difference vegetation index was measured with an active canopy sensor, and spatial distribution maps over two growing seasons of a vineyard, managed on an annual double pruning basis, were generated. Attributes of physiological and technological berry maturation, leaf water potential, gas exchange, production, and fresh pruning weight were calculated. These normalized difference vegetation index maps allowed for the determination of variability in vegetative vigor and the productive potential of the vineyard; however, high levels of rainfall during the maturation period may reduce the potential of using these maps for determining berry parameters.
subject: Construções Rurais
  topic: section
subject: Vitis vinifera L.
  topic: keywords
subject: precision viticulture
  topic: keywords
subject: proximal sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: vegetative vigor
  topic: keywords
subject: grape quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Henrique Oldoni
creator: Bruno Ricardo Silva Costa
creator: Itamar Antônio Bognola
creator: Claudia Rita de Souza
creator: Luís Henrique Bassoi
rights: Direitos autorais (c) 2021 Scientia Agricola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-03-23
publication date: 2021-03-23
starting page: e20190243
ending page: e20190243
doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0243