Universal and equal access? The challenge of legal abortion provision by the Brazilian National Health System

Abstract

Abortion is defined as a crime in the Brazilian Penal Code, nonetheless, it is not punishable in some cases. In these cases, the procedure must be offered by the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) following its principles of equal assistance and universal access. However, its provision is concentrated in a few hospitals in urban centres, limiting access. The institutional limitation of provision reflects some weaknesses of SUS and is aggravated by the stigmatization of the procedure, adding barriers to accessing it. In this essay, we approach legal abortion provision based on the SUS organization and the normative frameworks on abortion in the country. Then, we discuss alternatives for expanding abortion provision and access considering international experiences and recommendations. In conclusion, Brazil could provide safe legal abortion in primary health care, using its capillarity to expand geographic accessibility, and avoiding lack of access due to unavailability. Failure to guarantee safe abortion access can lead to unsafe procedures, in addition to violating the right to preserve life, to dignity and to freedom.