Evaluation of the presence of drugs in sewage treatment station sludge before and after the bioremediation process by composting

Abstract

The presence of residual drugs in the environment is a growing global problem, with many studies seeking to quantify it. However, its behavior and effects, both on the environment and on humans are still not well known. In this work, seven drugs were evaluated: Atenolol, Carbamazepine, Clonazepan, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Simvastatin, and Fluoxetine, in samples of sludge from a sewage treatment plant of the public system. The extraction of the compounds in the matrix was based on the leaching of the compounds in water and the analytical quantification was determined by an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph system, coupled to the mass spectrometer. The data indicate the possible movement of some drugs from the aqueous to the solid phase. It was observed that the composting of the sludge could favor the biodegradation or mobilization of the compounds since there was a significant reduction in the concentrations, when comparing the values obtained before and after the composting process. The non-detection of a compound does not necessarily mean that it has been degraded by microorganisms; however, past studies reached similar results, which corroborates the adequacy of the methodological proposal and the adopted procedures, contributing to the production of reliable results.