La consolidación del programa adaptacionista
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662011000400002Palavras-chave:
Adaptacionismo, Programa adaptacionista, Ford, Lack, PoultonResumo
Eso que hoy llamamos programa adaptacionista no jugó un papel relevante, ni en la biología evolucionaria del siglo xix, ni tampoco en aquella que se desarrolló durante las cuatro primeras décadas del siglo xx. Allí, sólo los estudios sobre las coloraciones animales, fundamentalmente de insectos, estaban orientados por una agenda adaptacionista. Fue durante el periodo que va de 1940 a 1970, con los desarrollos de la genética ecológica de poblaciones y de la ecología evolucionaria, que ese programa cobró perfiles nítidos y realmente se consolidó.
Downloads
Referências
Abrams, P. Adaptationism, optimality models, and tests of adaptive scenarios. In: Orzack, S. & Sober, E. (Ed.). Adaptationism and optimality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. p. 273-302.
Acot, P. Histoire de l’écologie. Paris: PUF, 1988.
Agraval, A. et al.Tradeoffs and negative correlation in evolutionary ecology. In: Bell, M. et al. (Ed.). Evolution since Darwin: the first 150 years. Sunderland: Sinauer, 2010. p. 243-69.
Allan, R. et al. Mimicry of host cuticular hydrocarbons by salticid spider cosmophasis bitaeniata that preys on larvae of tree ants of oecophylla smaradigna. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 28, 4, p. 835-48, 2002.
Amundson, R. The changing role of the embryo in evolutionary thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Axelrod, R. & Hamilton, W. The evolution of cooperation. In: Rosenberg, A. & Arp, R. (Ed.). Philosophy of biology. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 [1981]. p. 257-347.
Bachelard, G. L’activité rationaliste de la physique contemporaine. Paris: PUF, 1951.
Baker, J. The evolution of breeding seasons. In: Beer, G. (Ed.). Evolution. Oxford: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1938. p. 161-78.
Barret, P. (Ed.). The collected papers of Charles Darwin. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977. v. 2.
Bates, H. Contributions to an insect fauna of the amazon valley. Transactions of the Linnean Society, 23, p. 495-566, 1862.
Bates, H. The naturalist on the river amazons. New York: Penguin, 1989 [1863].
Bates, M. The nature of natural history. New York: Scribner, 1950.
Bates, M. Ecology and evolution. In: Tax, S. (Ed.). Evolution after Darwin. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960. v. 1. p. 547-68.
Bateson, W. Materials for the study of variation treated with especial regard to discontinuity in the origin of species. London: Macmillan, 1894.
Baum, D. & Donoghue, M. A likelihood framework for the phylogenetic analysis of adaptation. In: Orzack, S. & Sober, E. (Ed.). Adaptationism and optimality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. p. 24-44.
Beer, G. (Ed.). Evolution. Oxford: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1938.
Bell, M. et al. (Ed.). Evolution since Darwin: the first 150 years. Sunderland: Sinauer, 2010.
Belt, T. The naturalist in Nicaragua. 2 ed. London: Bumpus & Bars, 1888.
Bock, W. Ecological aspects of the evolutionary processes. Zoological Science, 20, p. 279-89, 2003.
Bond, A. The evolution of color polymorphism: cripticity, searching images and apostatic selection. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 38, p. 489-514, 2007.
Borradaile, L. The animal and its environment: a text-book of the natural history of animals. London: H. Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 1923.
Bowler, P. El eclipse del darwinismo: teorías evolucionistas antidarwinistas en las décadas en torno a 1900. Barcelona: Labor, 1985.
Bowler, P. Evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Bowler, P. Life’s splendid drama: evolutionary biology and the reconstruction of life ancestry. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996.
Bowler, P. Historia Fontana de las ciencias ambientales. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1998.
Bowler, P. Rethinking Darwin’s position in the history of science. In: Bell, M. et al. (Ed.). Evolution since Darwin: the first 150 years. Sunderland: Sinauer, 2010. p. 31-48.
Brewer, R. The science of ecology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994.
Brown, J. New approaches and methods in ecology. In: Real, L. & Brown, J. (Ed.). Foundations of ecology: classic papers with comentaries. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991. p. 445-55.
Cain, A. Las especies animales y su evolución. Barcelona: Labor, 1970 [1954].
Cain, A. The perfection of animals. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 36, p. 3-29, 1989 [1964].
Cain, J. & Ruse, M. (Ed.). Descended from Darwin. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2009.
Campón, F. F. Aranhas que enganam: estratégias de ilusão utilizadas por espécies miméticas. In: Gonzaga, M. et al. (Ed.). Ecologia e comportamento de aranhas. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, 2007. p. 257-76.
Candolle, A. Géographie botanique raisonnée. Paris: Masson, 1855. t. 1.
Candy, R. & Guilford, T. The evolution of multimodal warning displays. Evolutionary Ecology, 13, 7, 8, p. 655-71, 1999.
Caponi, G. Epistemología en clave institucional. Manuscrito, 18, 1, p. 65-96, 1995.
Caponi, G. De Viena a Edimburgo: Karl Popper e os dois programas da sociologia do conhecimento. Reflexão, 64, p. 77-106, 1996.
Caponi, G. Experimentos en biología evolutiva: ¿qué tienen ellos que los otros no tengan? Episteme, 16, p. 61-97, 2003.
Caponi, G. El viviente y su medio: antes y después de Darwin. Scientiae Studia, 4, 1, p. 9-43, 2006.
Caponi, G. Georges Cuvier: un fisiólogo de museo. México: Unam-Limusa, 2008a.
Caponi, G. De Humboldt a Darwin: una inflexión clave en la historia de la Biogeografía. Geosul, 23, 45, p. 27- 41, 2008b.
Caponi, G. Sobre la génesis, estructura y recepción de El origen de las especies. Scientiae Studia, 7, 3, p. 403-24, 2009a.
Caponi, G. Definitivamente no estaba ahí: la ausencia de la teoría de la selección natural en “Sobre la tendencia de las variedades a apartarse indefinidamente del tipo original” de Alfred Russel Wallace. Ludus Vitalis, 17, 32, p. 55-73, 2009b.
Caro, T. Antipredator defenses in birds and mammals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005a.
Caro, T. The adaptive significance of colorations in mammals. BioScience, 55, 2, p. 125-36, 2005b.
Caro, T. et al. The colours of animals: from Wallace to the present day, I. In: Smith, C. & Beccaloni, G. (Ed.). Natural selection and beyond: the intellectual legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008a. p. 125-43.
Caro, T. et al. The colours of animals: from Wallace to the present day, II. In: Smith, C. & Beccaloni, G. (Ed.). Natural selection and beyond: the intellectual legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008b. p. 144-65.
Carpenter, G. Mimicry, as viewed by professor Shull. Science, 85, 2206, p. 356-9, 2006 [1937].
Carpenter, G. & Ford, E. Mimicry. London: Methuen, 1933.
Claro, K. Introdução à ecologia comportamental. Rio de Janeiro: Technical Books, 2010.
Clements, F. Research methods in ecology. Lincoln: Nebraska University, 1905.
Collins, J. Evolutionary ecology and the use of natural selection in ecological theory. In: Keller, D. & Golley, F. (Ed.). The philosophy of ecology. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2000 [1986]. p. 288-303.
Cooper, G. The science of the struggle of existence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Cott, H. Adaptive coloration in animals. London: Methuen, 1940.
Cott, H. Allaesthetic selection and its evolutionary aspects. In: Huxley, J. et al. (Ed.). Evolution as a process. London: Allen & Unwin, 1954. p. 47-70.
Coulter, J. The theory of natural selection from the stand point of Botany. In: Poulton, E. B. et al. (Org.). Fifty years of darwinism (modern aspects of evolution). New York: Holt & Company, 1909. p. 57-71.
Cramer, F. The method of Darwin. Chicago: McClurg & Company, 1896.
Cronin, H. The ant and the peacock. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Crow, J. & Sewall, W. In: Matthen, M. & Stephens, C. (Ed.). Philosophy of biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007. p. 87-100.
Cushing, P. Myrmecomorphy and myrmecophily in spiders: a review. Florida Entomologist, 80, 2, p. 165-93, 1997.
Darwin, C. On the origin of species. London: Murray, 1859.
Darwin, C. The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilized by insects. 2 ed. London: Murray, 1877.
Darwin, C. The effects of cross and self fertilization in the vegetable kingdom. 2 ed. London: Murray, 1878a.
Darwin, C. The different forms of flowers and plants of the same species. 2 ed. London: Murray, 1878b.
Darwin, C. Letter to Henry Bates: down, 26/11/1862. In: Darwin, F. (Ed.). The autobiography of Charles Darwin and selected letters. New York: Appleton & Company, 1892 [1862]. p. 266-7.
Darwin, C. A review of H. W. Bates’ paper on mimetic butterflies. In: Barret, P. (Ed). The collected papers of Charles Darwin. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977 [1863]. v. 2. p. 87-93.
Darwin, C. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: Penguin, 2004 [1879].
Darwin, F. (Ed.), The autobiography of Charles Darwin and selected letters. New York: Appleton & Company, 1892 [1862].
Davenport, B. Mutation. In: Poulton, E. B. et al. (Org.). Fifty years of Darwinism (modern aspects of evolution). New York: Holt & Company, 1909. p. 160-81.
Davis, D. The giant panda: a morphological study of evolutionary mechanisms. Fieldiana, 3, p. 1-339, 1964.
Davies, N. & Krebs, J. An introduction to behavioral ecology. 2 ed. Sinauer: Sunderland, 1987.
Davies, N. & Krebs, J. The evolution of behavioral ecology. In: Davies, N. & Krebs, J. (Ed.). Behavioral ecology. 4 ed. Blackwell: Malden, 1997. p. 3-14.
Davies, N. & Krebs, J. (Ed.). Behavioral ecology. 4 ed. Blackwell: Malden, 1997.
Dawkins, R. Climbing mount improbable. London: Penguin, 2006.
Dean, B. A case of mimicry outmimicked? Concerning Kallima butterflies in museums. Science, 16, 412, p. 832-3, 1902.
Delsol, M. & Exbrayat, J. L’évolution biologique: faits, théories, épistémologie, philosophie. Paris: Vrin, 2002.
Depew, D. & Weber, B. Darwinism evolving. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995.
Dettner, K. & Liepert, C. Chemical mimicry and camouflage. Annual Review of Entomology, 39, 1, p. 129-54, 1994.
Dobzhansky, T. Evolution and environment. In: Tax, S. (Ed.). Evolution after Darwin. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960. v. 1. p. 403-28.
Drouin, J. L’Écologie et son histoire. Paris: Flammarion, 1991.
Drouin, J. Darwin et la beauté des fleurs. Ludus Vitalis, 17, 32, p. 75-86, 2009.
Eberhard, W. Aggressive chemical mimicry by a bolas spider. Science, 198, 4322, p. 1173-5, 1977.
Edmund, M. Does mimicry of ants reduce predation by wasps on salticid spiders? Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 33, p. 507-12, 1993.
Edmund, M. Why are there good and poor mimics? Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 70, p. 459-66, 2000.
Edmund, M. & Edmund, J. Polymorphic mimicry and natural selection: a reappraisal. Evolution, 28, 3, p. 402-7, 1974.
Eigenmann, C. Adaptation. In: Poulton, E. B. et al. (Org.). Fifty years of Darwinism (modern aspects of evolution). New York: Holt & Company, 1909. p. 182-208.
Elton, C. Animal ecology. London: Sidwick & Jackson, 1927.
Elton, C. Animals numbers and adaptation. In: Beer, G. (Ed.). Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1938. p. 127-37.
Emerson, A. The evolution of adaptation in population systems. In: Tax, S. (Ed.). Evolution after Darwin. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960. v. 1. p. 307-48.
Endler, J. Natural selection in the wild. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.
Endler, J. Disruptive and cryptic coloration. Proceedings of The Royal Society B, 273, p. 2425-6, 2006.
Endler, J. Editorial note. Evolutionary Ecology, 24, p. 955-6, 2010.
Endler, J. et al. The adaptative significance of ontogenetic colour change in a tropical python. Biology Letters, 3, p. 40-3, 2007.
Ford, E. The genetic basis of adaptation. In: Beer, G. (Ed.). Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1938. p. 43-55.
Ford, E. Problems in the evolution of geographical races. In: Huxley, J. et al. (Ed.). Evolution as a process. London: Allen & Unwin, 1954. p. 99-108.
Ford, E. Evolution in progress. In: Tax, S. (Ed.). Evolution after Darwin. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960. v. 1. p. 181-96.
Ford, E. Ecological genetics. 4 ed. London: Chapman & Hall, 1975.
Ford, E. Genética e adaptação. São Paulo: Edusp, 1980a.
Ford, E. Some recollections pertaining to the evolutionary synthesis. In: Mayr, E, & Provine, W. (Ed.). The evolutionary synthesis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980b. p. 341-2.
Ford, E. Taking genetics into the countryside. London: Weinfeld & Nicolson, 1981.
Ford, E. & Dowdeswell, W. Ecological genetics of Maniola jurtina L. of the Isles of Scilly. Heredity, 9, 2, p. 265-72, 1955.
Ford, E. et al. Evolutionary studies on Maniola jurtina: the isles of Scilly, 1958-1959. Heredity, 19, 3, p. 471-88. 1964.
Foucault, M. Naissance de la clinique. Paris: PUF, 1963.
Franks, D. & Noble, J. Batesian mimics influence mimicry ring evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 271, p. 191-6, 2004.
Futuyma, D. Reflections on reflections: ecology and evolutionary ecology. Journal of the History of Biology, 19, 2, p. 303-12, 1986.
Futuyma, D. Evolutionary biology: 150 years of progress. In: Bell, M. et al. (Ed.). Evolution since Darwin: the first 150 years. Sunderland: Sinauer, 2010. p. 3-30.
Gause, G. The struggle for existence. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1934.
Gayon, J. Darwin et l’après-Darwin. Paris: Kimé, 1992.
Gayon, J. Hasard et évolution. In: Guyader, H. (Ed.). L´évolution. Paris: Pour la Science, 1998. p. 12-4.
Gayon, J. Prefacio a Delisle, R. Les philosophies du néo-darwinisme. Paris : Puf, 2009. p. 1-5.
Ghiselin, M. El triunfo de Darwin. Madrid: Cátedra, 1983.
Glick, T. & Kohn, D. Charles Darwin: on evolution. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1996.
Gonzaga, M. et al. (Ed.). Ecologia e comportamento de aranhas. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, 2007.
Gould, S. El pulgar del panda. In: Gould, S. El pulgar del panda. Madrid: Blume, 1983. p. 17-26.
Gould, S. The structure of evolutionary theory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002.
Gould, S. & Lewontin, R. The spandrels of San Marco and the panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of The Royal Society B, 205, p. 581-98, 1979.
Gould, S. & Vrba, E. Exaptation: a missing term in the science of form. Paleobiology, 8, 1. p.4-15, 1982.
Gouyon, P. et al. J. Les avatars du gène: la théorie néodarwinienne de 1’évolution. Paris: Belin, 1997.
Grant, P. Recent research on the evolution of land birds on the Galapagos. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 21, 1, 2, p. 113-36, 1984.
Grant, P. La sélection naturelle et les pinsons de Darwin. In : Guyader, H. (Ed.). L´évolution. Paris: Pour la Science, 1998. p. 180-6.
Grant, P. Ecology and evolution of Darwin’s finches. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.
Grant, P. What does it mean to be a naturalist at the end of the Twentieth Century? The American Naturalist, 155, 1, p. 1-12, 2000.
Grene, M. & Depew, D. The philosophy of biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Gualtieri, R. Evolucionismo no Brasil: ciência e educação nos museus, 1870-1915. São Paulo: Livraria da Física, 2009.
Guyader, H. (Ed.). L´évolution. Paris: Pour la Science, 1998.
Haeckel, E. Generelle morphologie der organismen. Berlin: Reimer, 1866. v. 2.
Haeckel, E. Historia de la creación de los seres organizados según leyes naturales. Buenos Aires: Americana, 1947 [1868].
Hagen, J. Retelling experiments: H.B.D. Kettlewell´s studies of industrial melanism in peppered moths. Biology & Philosophy, 14, p. 38-54, 1999.
Haldane, J. B. S. The causes of evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990 [1932].
Holen, O. & Johnston, R. Context-dependent discrimination and the evolution of mimicry. American Naturalist, 167, 3, p. 377-89, 2006.
Hoquet, T. Darwin teleologist? Design in the orchids. Comptes rendues biologies, 333, p. 119-28, 2010.
Hull, D. & Ruse, M. (Ed.). Companion to the philosophy of biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Humboldt, A. Essai sur le géographie des plantes. In: Humboldt, A. & Bonpland, A. Voyage de Humboldt y Bonpland. Paris: Lebrault & Schoell, 1805. v. 15. p. 13-35.
Humboldt, A. & Bonpland, A. Voyage de Humboldt y Bonpland. Paris: Lebrault & Schoell, 1805. v. 15.
Hutchinson, G. E. Homage to Santa Rosalía or why are there so many kinds of animals. American Naturalist, 93, 870, p. 145-59, 1959.
Hutchinson, G. E. The ecological theater and the evolutionary play. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.
Huxley, J. The evolutionary process. In: Huxley, J. et al. (Ed.). Evolution as a process. London: Allen & Unwin, 1954. p. 1-23.
Huxley, J. Morphism and evolution. Heredity, 9, 1, p. 1-51, 1955.
Huxley, J. Semejanzas inesperadas en los seres vivos. In: Huxley, J. Nuevos odres para vino nuevo. Buenos Aires: Hermes, 1959. p. 162-82.
Huxley, J. La evolución. Buenos Aires: Losada, 1965 [1943].
Huxley, J. et al. (Ed.). Evolution as a process. London: Allen & Unwin, 1954.
Keller, D. & Golley, F. Ecology and evolution. In: Keller, D. & Golley, F. (Ed.). The philosophy of ecology. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2000. p. 233-46.
Keller, D. & Golley, F. (Ed.). The philosophy of ecology. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2000.
Kellogg, V. Darwinism to-day. New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1907.
Kettlewell, H. Selection experiments on industrial melanism in the lepidoptera. Heredity, 9, 3, p. 323-42, 1955.
Kettlewell, H. Further selection experiments on industrial melanism in the lepidoptera. Heredity, 10, 3, p. 287-301, 1956a.
Kettlewell, H. A resumé of investigations on the evolution of melanism in the lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 145, p. 297-303, 1956b.
Kingsland, S. Defining Ecology as a science. In: Real, L. & Brown, J. (Ed.). Foundations of ecology: classic papers with comentaries. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991. p. 1-13.
Kokko, H. & Jennions, M. Behavioral ecology: the natural history of evolutionary theory. In: Bell, M. et al. (Ed.). Evolution since Darwin: the first 150 years. Sunderland: Sinauer, 2010. p. 291-318.
Lack, D. Darwin’s finches. Cambridge: University Press, 1947.
Lack, D. Natural regulation of animal numbers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1954a.
Lack, D. The evolution of reproductive rate. In: Huxley, J. et al. (Ed.). Evolution as a process. London: Allen & Unwin, 1954b. p. 143-56.
Lack, D. Evolutionary ecology. Journal of Ecology, 53, 2, p. 237-45, 1965.
Lack, D. Prefacio a la segunda edición de Darwin’s finches. In: Lack, D. Darwin’s finches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 [1961]. p. xii.
Largent, M. The so-called eclipse of darwinism. In: Cain, J. & Ruse, M. (Ed.). Descended from Darwin. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2009. p. 3-21.
Leibold, M. & Wooton, T. Introducción. In: Elton, C. Animal ecology. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2001. p. xix-lvi.
Leigh, E. Introducción. In: Haldane, J. B. S. The causes of evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990 [1932]. p. ix-xxvi.
Lewontin, R. Theoretical population genetics in the evolutionary synthesis. In: Mayr, E, & Provine, W. (Ed.). The evolutionary synthesis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980. p. 56-68.
Lubchenco, J. & Real, L. Manipulative experiments as test of ecological theory. In: Real, L. & Brown, J. (Ed.). Foundations of ecology: classic papers with comentaries. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991. p. 715-33.
MacDougal, B. The direct influence of environment. In: Poulton, E. B. et al. (Org.). Fifty years of Darwinism (modern aspects of evolution). New York: Holt & Company, 1909. p. 114-42.
Maia, N. F. De Darwin à teoria sintética. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1988.
Mallet, J. & Joron, M. Evolution of diversity in warning color and mimicry. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 30, p. 201-33, 1982.
Mason, F. (Ed.). Creation by evolution. New York: Macmillan, 1928.
Mateos, I. L. Historia de la biología. México: AGT Editora, 2000.
Matthen, M. & Stephens, C. (Ed.). Philosophy of biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.
Maynard Smith, J. La evolución del comportamiento. In: Maynard Smith, J. Evolución. Barcelona: Labor, 1979. p. 115-26.
Mayr, E. Systematics and the origin of species. New York: Columbia University Prees, 1942.
Mayr, E. Cause and effect in biology. Science, 134, p. 1501-6, 1961.
Mayr, E. Some thoughts on the history of evolutionary synthesis. In: Mayr, E, & Provine, W. (Ed.). The evolutionary synthesis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980. p. 1-50.
Mayr, E. How to carry out the adaptationist program? In: Mayr, E. Toward a new philosophy of biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988a. p. 148-60.
Mayr, E. Adaptation and selection. In: Mayr, E. Toward a new philosophy of biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988b. p. 133-47.
Mayr, E. Una larga controversia: Darwin y el darwinismo. Barcelona: Crítica, 1992.
Mayr, E. Así es la biología. Madrid: Debate, 1998.
Mayr, E, & Provine, W. (Ed.). The evolutionary synthesis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980.
Mayhew, P. Discovering evolutionary ecology. Bringing together ecology and evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
McShea, D. & Brandon, R. Biology’s first law. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Millstein, R. Concepts of drift and selection in the great snail debate of the 1950s and early 1960s. In: Cain, J. & Ruse, M. (Ed.). Descended from Darwin. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2009. p. 271-98.
Millstein, R. & Skipper Jr., R. Populations genetics. In: Hull, D. & Ruse, M. (Ed.). Companion to the philosophy of biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. p. 22-43.
Morgan, T. Evolution and adaptation. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1908.
Morgan, T. Critique of the theory of evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1916.
Müller, F. Ituna and Thyridia: a remarkable case of mimicry in butterflies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, p. xx-xxix, 1879.
Nicholson, A. The role of population dynamics in natural selection. In: Tax, S. (Ed.). Evolution after Darwin. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960. v. 1. p. 477-522.
Nilsson, D. & Pelger, S. A pessimistic estimate of the time required for an eye evolve. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 256, p. 53-8, 1994.
Orians, G. Natural selection and ecological theory. The American Naturalist, 96, 890, p. 257-63, 1962.
Orzack, S. & Sober, E. (Ed.). Adaptationism and optimality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Orzack, S. & Sober, E. Adaptation, phylogenetic inertia, and the method of controlled comparisons. In: Orzack, S. & Sober, E. (Ed.). Adaptationism and optimality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. p. 45-63.
Osborn, H. Darwin and Paleontology. In: Poulton, E. B. et al. (Org.). Fifty years of darwinism (modern aspects of evolution). New York: Holt & Company, 1909. p. 209-50.
Pasteur, G. A classificatory review of mimicry systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 13, p. 169-99, 1982.
Peckham, E. Protective resemblances in spiders. Occasional papers of the natural history society of Wisconsin, 1, 2, p. 61-113, 1889.
Pfenning, D. & Mullen, S. Mimics without models: causes and consequences of allopatry in batesian mimicry complexes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 277, p. 2577-85, 2010.
Piñero, J. L. La anatomía comparada antes y después del darwinismo. Madrid: Akal, 41, 1992. (Historia de la Ciencia y de la Técnica Akal).
Pires, F. A. Fundamentos históricos da ecologia. Ribeirão Preto: Hólos, 1999.
Popper, K. Miseria del historicismo. Madrid: Taurus, 1961.
Poulton, E. The colours of animals. New York: Appleton, 1890.
Poulton, E. Mimicry in butterflies of the genus hypolimnas and its bearing on older and more recent theories of mimicry. Science, 6, 144, p. 516-8, 1897.
Poulton, E. Mutation, mendelelism and natural selection. In: Poulton, E. Essays on evolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908a. p. v-xlviii.
Poulton, E. Mimicry and natural selection. In: Poulton, E. Essays on evolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908b. p. 271-92.
Poulton, E. The place of mimicry in a scheme of defensive coloration. In: Poulton, E. Essays on evolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908c. p. 293-382.
Poulton, E. Natural selection and the cause of mimetic resemblance and common warning colours. In: Poulton, E. Essays on evolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908d. p. 220-70.
Poulton, E. Thomas H. Huxley and the theory of natural selection. In: Poulton, E. Essays on evolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908e. p. 193-219.
Poulton, E. Butterflies and moths as evidence of evolution. In: Mason, F. (Ed.). Creation by evolution. New York: Macmillan, 1928. p. 174-85.
Poulton, E. Insect adaptation as evidence of evolution by natural selection. In: Beer, G. (Ed.). Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1938. p. 1-10.
Poulton, E. B. et al. (Org.). Fifty years of darwinism (modern aspects of evolution). New York: Holt & Company, 1909. p. 57-71.
Punnett, R. Mimicry in butterflies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1915. Real, L. & Brown, J. (Ed.). Foundations of ecology: classic papers with comentaries. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Renk, J. & Servais, V. L’éthologie: histoire naturelle du comportement. Paris: Seuil, 2002.
Richards, R. The tragic sense of life. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2008.
Ridley, M. (Ed.). Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Robson, G. & Richards, O. The variation of animals in nature. London: Longmans, 1936.
Roquete Pinto, E. Gloria sem rumor. In: Roquete Pinto, E. Fritz Müller: reflexões biográficas. Blumenau: Cultura em Movimento, 2000 [1929]. p. 13-49.
Rosenberg, A. & Arp, R. (Ed.). Philosophy of biology. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Rudge, D. Taking the peppered moth with a grain of salt. Biology & Philosophy, 14, p. 9-37, 1999.
Rudge, D. Kettlewell´s research, 1934-1961. In: Cain, J. & Ruse, M. (Ed.). Descended from Darwin. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2009. p. 243-70.
Ruse, M. La revolución darwinista. Madrid: Alianza, 1983.
Ruse, M. Monad to man. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Ruse, M. Darwinism and its discontents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Russell, E. S. Form and function. London: Murray, 1916.
Ruxton, G. & Higginson, A. Optimal defensive coloration strategies during the growth period of prey. Evolution, 64, 1, p. 53-67, 2009.
Sapp, J. Genesis: the evolution of biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Semper, K. Animal life as affected by the natural conditions of existence. New York: Appleton & Company, 1881.
Shanahan, T. The evolution of darwinism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Sheppard, P. Fluctuations in the selective value of certain phenotypes in the polymorphic land snail cepaea nemoralis (L.). Heredity, 5, 1, p. 125-34, 1951.
Sheppard, P. Evolution in bisexually reproducing organism. In: Huxley, J. et al. (Ed.). Evolution as a process. London: Allen & Unwin, 1954. p. 201-18.
Sheppard, P. Selección natural y herencia. Barcelona: Labor, 1973 [1958].
Sheppard, P. & Cain, A. Selection in polymorphic land snail Cepaea nemoralis. Heredity, 4, 3, p. 275-94, 1950.
Sheppard, P. & Clarke, C. The evolution of mimicry in the butterfly Papilio dardanus. Heredity, 14, 1-2, p. 163-73, 1960.
Shull, F. Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1936.
Shull, F. The needs of the mimicry theory. Science, 85, 2212, p. 496-8, 2006 [1937].
Skipper Jr., R. Revisiting the Fisher-Wright controversy. In: Cain, J. & Ruse, M. (Ed.). Descended from Darwin. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2009. p. 299-322.
Slater, P. Introducción a la etología. Barcelona: Crítica, 1988.
Smith, C. & Beccaloni, G. (Ed.). Natural selection and beyond: the intellectual legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Southern, H. Mimicry in cuckoos’ eggs. In: Huxley, J. et al. (Ed.). Evolution as a process. London: Allen & Unwin, 1954. p. 219-32.
Speed, M. Batesian, quasi-Batesian or Müllerian mimicry? Theory and data in mimicry research. Evolutionary Ecology, 13, 7, 8, p. 755-76, 1999.
Speed, M. & Ruxton, G. A taste for mimicry. Nature, 433, p. 205-6, 2005.
Speed, M. & Turner, J. How weird can mimicry get? Evolutionary Ecology, 13, 7, 8, p. 807-27, 1999.
Stauffer, R. Haeckel, Darwin and ecology. Quarterly Review of Biology, 32, 2, p. 138-44, 1957.
Stutchbury, B. & Morton, E. Behavioral ecology of tropical birds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001.
Tax, S. (Ed.). Evolution after Darwin. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960. v. 1.
Tinbergen, N. The origin and evolution of courtship and threat display. In: Huxley, J. et al. (Ed.). Evolution as a process. London: Allen & Unwin, 1954. p. 233-51.
Tinbergen, N. Behavior, systematics, and natural selection. In: Tax, S. (Ed.). Evolution after Darwin. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960. v. 1. p. 595-614.
Tinbergen, N. La eliminación de la cáscara de huevo por la gaviota reidora (común), larus ridibundus L. Una componente conductual del camuflaje. In: Tinbergen, N. Estudios de etología. Alianza: Madrid, 1975 [1961]. v. 1. p. 267-317.
Tinbergen, N. Naturalistas curiosos. Barcelona: Salvat, 1986 [1958].
Travis, A. Raphael Meldola and the nineteenth-century neo Darwinians. Journal for the General Philosophy of Science, 41, p. 143-72, 2010.
Wallace, A. R. Mimicry, and other protective resemblances among animals. In: Wallace, A. R. Contributions to the theory of natural selection. London: Macmillan, 1871. p. 45-129.
Wallace, A. R. Darwinism: an exposition of the theory of natural selection with some of its applications. New York: Macmillan, 1889.
Wallace, A. R. On the tendency of varieties to depart in definitively from the original type. In: Barrett, P. (Ed.). Collected papers of Charles Darwin. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977 [1858]. v. 2. p. 10-8.
Weismann, A. Studies in the theory of descent. London: Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1882. v. 2.
West, D. Fritz Müller: a naturalist in Brazil. Blacksburg: Pocahontas Press, 2003.
Wheeler, W. The evolution of ants. In: Mason, F. (Ed.). Creation by evolution. New York: Macmillan, 1928. p. 210-24.
Wickler, W. Mimicry in plants and animals. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1968.
Wilson, E. Sociobiología. Barcelona: Omega, 1980.
Wright, S. Physiological genetics, ecology of populations, and natural selection. In: Tax, S. (Ed.). Evolution after Darwin. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960. v. 1. p. 429-76.
Wright, S. The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding, and selection on evolution In: Ridley, M. (Ed.). Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997 [1932]. p. 32-40.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2011 Scientiae Studia
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
A revista detém os direitos autorais de todos os textos nela publicados. Os autores estão autorizados a republicar seus textos mediante menção da publicação anterior na revista. A revista adota a Licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.
