La invención del neutrino: un análisis epistemológico
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https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662012000100002Palavras-chave:
Desintegración Beta, Neutrino, Leyes de conservación, Estadística cuántica, Descubrimiento científicoResumo
Hacia 1930, el problema de explicar la desintegración radiactiva Beta produjo un estado de crisis en el dominio de la física de partículas. La conservación de la energía, del momento y de la estadística cuántica parecían amenazadas. Pauli consiguió resolver todas esas anomalías postulando la existencia de neutrinos dentro del núcleo atómico. Pero lo hizo al costo de presuponer un modelo del núcleo atómico que resultó insostenible después del descubrimiento del neutrón en 1932. En 1933, Fermi concibió la explicación de la desintegración Beta que todavía consideramos correcta. En este artículo, hago una revisión de las virtudes explicativas de la hipótesis del neutrino. Argumento que la invención de Pauli era ad hoc en 1930 pero se volvió contrastable en el contexto de la teoría de Fermi. Concluyo, entonces, afirmando que no había evidencia suficiente como para aceptar la existencia del neutrino antes del segundo experimento de Cowan y Reines de 1956.
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