Desacordo racional e controvérsia científica

Autores

  • Alexandre Luis Junges Pontifícia Universidade Católica

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662013000300008

Palavras-chave:

Controvérsia, Desacordo, Evidência, Ceticismo, Racionalidade, Justificação, Par epistêmico

Resumo

O debate epistemológico ocorrido recentemente sobre o que veio a ser chamado de "o problema do desacordo racional" retomou a discussão, presente no ceticismo antigo, relativa ao significado epistêmico do desacordo. Similar ao cético pirrônico, alguns autores envolvidos no debate contemporâneo argumentaram que em contextos controversos, onde há desacordo sobre alguma questão específica, a atitude racional de ambos os lados do debate é a suspensão do juízo. Para esses autores, tal veredito deve ser estendido a diversas áreas do conhecimento humano, resultando num ceticismo local relativo a tópicos controversos. Este artigo trata dessa problemática no campo científico. Em diversos episódios de controvérsia científica, cientistas exibem desacordos persistentes em que cada lado do debate mantém sua posição em face do desacordo. Nesse contexto, coloca-se a pergunta pela possibilidade do desacordo racional entre cientistas considerados pares epistêmicos. A partir da característica estrutural e dinâmica da ciência, argumenta-se que o desacordo racional entre cientistas é possível. Ou seja, diferente do que sustentam autores contemporâneos, no contexto científico o significado epistêmico do desacordo não é, necessariamente, o agnosticismo.

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Publicado

2013-01-01

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Desacordo racional e controvérsia científica . (2013). Scientiae Studia, 11(3), 613-635. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662013000300008