A revista TradTerm é uma publicação do CITRAT-USP (Centro Interdepartamental de Tradução e Terminologia) da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo e reúne artigos dedicados aos estudos de tradução e de terminologia.
Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas
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Audio describing Signs of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras)
Audio description (AD) translates images into words, benefiting, among others, blind and low vision people, the elderly and people with autism. Its increasing availability has been encouraging research in relatively unexplored fields. Little to nothing is known, for example, about the AD of sign languages. This paper, thus, aims to present the two initial stages of a research project, based on the User-Centered Translation process, which seeks to outline parameters for the AD of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). Within this text, we discuss the AD of iconic and simple signs. Our initial findings point to the validity of adopting strategies such as: creating short, simple texts; beginning the text by indicating how many hands will be used; adopting an order that facilitates signing; including comparisons; and using the five phonological parameters of Libras as a guide.
Manoela Cristina Correia Carvalho da Silva
Copyright (c) 2025 Manoela Cristina Correia Carvalho da Silva, Amanda Hora da Silva, Camila Santos de Jesus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The role of translation in Paul Feyerabend´s philosophy of science
Este artigo trata da questão da tradução na vida e obra do filósofo da ciência Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994), que chegou a exercer a profissão de tradutor nos anos 1950. Mesmo depois de se estabelecer como professor universitário, ele ainda se ocupou de traduções regularmente. A hipótese aqui aventada é que essa prática tradutória contribuiu para o encaminhamento que Feyerabend deu às questões da linguagem e interação entre culturas e tradições, como se pode ver no uso recorrente do conceito de tradução na construção do seu pluralismo global, sobretudo no que diz respeito à incomensurabilidade. Para dar conta dessa hipótese, será feita uma revisão dos seus livros à luz desse tema, bem como de alguns comentadores e da sua correspondência publicada. Este trabalho contribui não só para retirar a tradução da sua costumeira invisibilidade, mas sobretudo para o entendimento do papel da tradução na formação, na produção escrita e nas ideias de Feyerabend.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cristina de Amorim Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Mariângela de Araújo, Fernando Baião Viotti, Adriana Zavaglia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The translator education in Brazilian scientific articles, in general terms
This article presents findings from the second phase of a corpus-based study investigating translator education within Brazilian academia. The corpus comprises scientific articles on the translator education published in specialized Translation Studies journals, as well as in relevant publications within the Letters and Linguistics fields. The first phase analyzed quantitative data (Esqueda, 2025), including publication volume over 41 years, author demographics and co-authorship networks, and institutional affiliations, alongside an examination of assigned keywords. Building on this, the present study utilizes the Sketch Engine software to analyze lexical, syntactic, and semantic patterns associated with the prominent keyword “formação de tradutores” (translator education). The analysis reveals a lack of a standardized terminology within this subfield.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marileide Dias Esqueda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Presentation of the dossier: “Methodologies in Descriptive Studies of Spanish-Portuguese translation”.
Copyright (c) 2025 Heloísa Pezza Cintrão https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A cursed gown: a Ludwig Uhland’s poem translated by Gonçalves Dias
Ludwig Uhland (1787-1862), nowadays almost unknown, was one of the most popular German poets of the 19th century, coming to draw the attention of the Brazilian Gonçalves Dias. Amongst several poems from the German, including works by Heinrich Heine and the play The Bride of Messina, by Friedrich Schiller, Dias also translated the poem “Das Nothemd”, a typical ballad of Biedermeier Romanticism. According to Manuel Bandeira’s analysis of Gonçalves’ versification in an essay included in Gonçalves Dias’ biography, it's possible to verify how the translation of Uhland’s poem reflects, in its formal and thematic aspects, many of the characteristics of Gonçalves Dias’ own work and in Brazilian Romanticism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sylvia Tamie Anan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Resenha: Pinheiro-Correa, Paulo. Escrever em espanhol: um guia didático pela cognição textual. Campinas: Pontes Editores, 2021. 106 p. ISBN: 978-65-5637-185-6
Dossiê: Metodologias nos estudos descritivos da tradução espanhol-português
Copyright (c) 2025 Virginia Sita Farias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The first translations and the reception of Jane Austen in Brazil
The writer's popularity in Brazil is evident due to the number of translations of her work available and the activity of her fans on social media. This influence reflects Austen's continuous influence on Brazilian literary and popular culture. However, despite having been published more two hundred years ago, her books were only translated in Brazil just over eighty years ago when José Olympio Publishing House began to publish translations into Brazilian Portuguese in 1940. Over the years, other translations of Austen’s main books, unfinished works, writings from her early works, letters, and some biographies have been published in Brazil. This study aims to map the first editions, through exploratory bibliographic research, to obtain information about each edition and explore their characteristics of them.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adriana dos Santos Sales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The question of orality in the translation of ‘Mulher negra: um retrato’ by Lélia Gonzalez
This article presents a comparison between the text ‘Mulher negra: um retrato’ (Black woman: a portrait) by Brazilian thinker Lélia Gonzalez (2020) and its Spanish translation, produced by the Translation Laboratory at Unila and published by Mandacaru Editorial. After an introduction contextualising the work and its translation process, the first section of the article provides a more detailed characterisation of the source text. This is followed by an analysis of the extent to which the translation was (not) able to recreate the orality of this text in the target language. To this end, the second section develops a comparative analysis that includes a comparison between the published version of the translation and a preliminary version. This comparison resulted in a mapping of translation decisions related to bringing the Spanish text closer to the variety used in the space where the translation would have its most immediate circulation (Buenos Aires). This comparative analysis leads us to reflect on the implications of the (non-)recreation of orality in the case studied, insofar as it allows us to question the way in which the translation difficulties that arose were handled, including the issue of enunciative scenography in Lélia G.'s story. Based on this case, in the final considerations of this paper, we hypothesise about the (im)possibility of recreating a natural orality in the translation outside of its inscription in linguistic varieties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bruna Macedo de Oliveira Rodrigues, Larissa Fostinone Locoselli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Phrasal-metaphorical units in contrastive corpora: challenges for Spanish/Portuguese translation
We approach the metaphorization of the more abstract domain of politics, based on Phraseological Units (‘UF’) marked by the more concrete domain of soccer. We seek to identify and describe potentially metaphorical ‘UF’, to analyze in contrast, the challenges involved in the Spanish/Portuguese translation. We resorted to different journalistic source corpora in Rio de la Plata Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese, in addition to platforms available online. The theoretical-methodological framework brings together Contrastive Phraseology, Metaphor, Terminology, Corpus Linguistics and Translation. From the identification and description of the phrasal-metaphorical relations, in the representation of the political game, we ponder challenges for translation. We assume that texts combine cognitive, linguistic and pragmatic aspects, integrated in a broad cultural dimension.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ariel Novodvorski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transfictionality and adaptations from the painting Girl with a Pearl Earring, by Johannes Vermeer
This study examines the transfictional relationship between the painting Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer (1665), the novel of the same name by Tracy Chevalier (1999), and the film directed by Peter Webber (2003), an adaptation of the novel. We employed Sanders' (2006) concept of adaptation, which is defined as a practice of transposition that not only comments on the original work but also reinterprets its perspective. Additionally, we incorporated the notion of transfictionality developed by Saint-Gelais (2005 and 2011) to demonstrate how fictional elements from one work reappear in other texts. We conclude that contemporary adaptations effectively engage new audiences through various combinations, clearly projecting the source text.
Copyright (c) 2025 Josebede Angélica Guilherme da Silva, Yuri Jivago Amorim Caribé https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2024 Mariangela de Araujo; Mauricio Santana Dias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2023 Mariângela de Araújo, Elena Vássina, Mauricio Santana Dias, John Milton https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Theoretical and applied procedures of Terminology as support for the translation process between Portuguese and Spanish
This text deals with the interrelationship between Terminology and Translation highlighting the role of terminological resources in making translational decisions. It focuses on aspects concerning the terminological equivalence of Portuguese/Spanish terms of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) taking into account the theoretical methodological procedures applied in the projects of the Termisul Group (University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). The theoretical background is mainly based on the principles of Terminology and of Translation. Examples of terms related to knowledge holders (holding communities, carriers) are presented in both languages in order to illustrate the steps followed and their representation in the database of that group. It is thus expected to contribute to the reflection on the importance of Terminology in the translation process and consequently to the training of future translators in the Portuguese/Spanish language pair.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cleci Regina Bevilacqua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A commented translation of Machado’s drama into Spanish
This article presents a study consisting of a commented translation of Machado de Assis' complete authorial theatre. It outlines the delimitation of the corpus, the steps taken during the translation process and the key parameters adopted for both the translation and the organization of commentaries. An analysis of external factors (Nord 2016) allows us to state the double distance between the source text and the translation, both temporal and cultural, as proposed by Cardellino Soto (2021). The analysis of internal factors highlights contrastive axes between Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish that should be taken into account. Together, these parameters support de development of a translation method that prioritizes the literary values of Machado's work while maintaining its setting in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. Some of the challenges involved are illustrated through excerpts from the play Lição de Botânica (1906).
Copyright (c) 2025 Santiago Eduardo Ortiz Moreno, Heloísa Pezza Cintrão https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Adaptation as a translation of a literary work by Milton Hatoum: an analysis of the series two brothers (2017) on TV Globo
This article conducts a thorough analysis of the cinematic adaptation of Milton Hatoum's novel Dois Irmãos (2000), directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho for the TV Globo series (2017). The approach taken considers adaptation as an act of translation and is grounded in the concepts of interpretants related to the process of transposition, as outlined by Linda Hutcheon (2011), Robert Stam (2008), and Maria Camargo (2017). The objective of this work is to investigate the implications of the modifications in the script writing process when transferring from one code to another, preserving the intrinsic integrity of the original work.
Copyright (c) 2024 Francisco Carlos Malta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Carl Sagan and the astronomical terminology in two translations of Cosmos
Terminology surely poses challenges to the translation of specialized texts. The main objective of this study is to analyze the translation of astronomical terms in one of Carl Sagan's best-known books, Cosmos. We compared the two translations available in Brazil (1982 and 2017), verified whether there was standardization in terminological choices throughout the works, and discussed terminological variation and its suitability for the lay public. The terms selected were spiral arm, self-luminous, starstuff, infrared light, inner solar system, and path. In both works, there was some terminological variation, including terminological inadequacies. The conclusion highlights the importance of having people with knowledge in the field revise it, the interaction between translators and specialists, and the creation of glossaries for the lay public.
Copyright (c) 2024 Marcos Daniel Longhini, Silvana Maria de Jesus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The application of a translation teaching proposal with a focus on Portuguese-Spanish comparison: experiences from a remote pilot course
Despite the general interest in studies focused on the teaching of translation has increased, significantly since the 2000s, the national context in Brazil has not kept pace with this trend. As a consequence, and despite the most promising scenario in recent years (Saldanha, Laiño, Melo, Pontes, 2021; Malta, 2021; Neckel, Vasconcellos, 2023), there is still a modest number of research initiatives dedicated to translator training in Brazilian territory. Seeking to contribute to this direction, we begin by presenting the theoretical and methodological assumptions that guided us in the development of our teaching proposal, particularly focusing on task-based approaches and their integrative nature (Hurtado Albir, 1999, 2019). The main objective of this text is to share our experience in applying a didactic material created by us to work on specific aspects of comparing our working languages that have proven crucial for translation (Cintrão, 2006; González, 2008; Fanjul, González, 2014) and address key topics in Translation Studies, such as revision, the concept of register, and issues of problems and difficulties (Parra Galiano, 2007; Hatim, Mason, 1995; Nord, 2005). The formative experience we detail took place in an introductory translation course for the Portuguese-Spanish language pair, delivered remotely during the Covid-19 pandemic to a group of undergraduate students from three Brazilian public universities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bruna Macedo de Oliveira Rodrigues https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Expertise in translation as a Complex Adaptive System
This article proposes understanding translation expertise as a complex adaptive system, drawing on approaches such as 4E cognition (embodied, embedded, enactive, extended) and the theory of complex systems, which examines the interaction between system components and their relationship with the environment (Bar-Yam, 2002). Based on the studies of Alves; Jakobsen (2021) and Alves; Da Silva (2021, 2022), expertise is viewed as a situated, distributed, and extended activity influenced by sensory, bodily, perceptual, contextual, and social factors. This perspective offers epistemological potential to understand expert performance in translation, highlighting the relevance of the multiple domains that comprise this task, including in controlled laboratory contexts for empirical-experimental research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dalmo Buzato, Priscilla Tulipa da Costa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quando Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde encontram O Médico e o Monstro
O texto é uma resenha da tradução bilíngue e comentada feita por Ana Júlia Perrotti-Garcia, que analisa suas particularidades e seu potencial didático.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lenita Maria Rimoli Pisetta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The game in audio description: thoughts based on Gadamer and Didi-Huberman
This article proposes a discussion about the concept of the game presented by the philosophers Gadamer (1960) and Didi-Huberman (1992) based on the audio description's (AD) practice. For this, it brings a theoretical summary of both authors regarding their understanding of the game as a metaphor for the relationship between a person and a work of art, and establishes possible connections with AD. Based on this summary, we present an analysis of excerpts from five interviews carried out during our master's research to relate the concept of a game proposed by each philosopher to the practice of AD. Finally, despite starting from different purposes, we conclude that there are possible convergences between both philosophers, especially concerning the idea of the work of art as a subject of the meanings game, and that the concept of game can be a valuable resource for AD theory and practice, particularly when it comes to abstract arts.
Copyright (c) 2024 Marcella Wiffler Stefanini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Aloha! Domestication and foreignization in the Brazilian Portuguese dubbing of Lilo and Stitch
Dubbing is the process of replacing the original voices of an audiovisual production with others in a foreign language. Typically, this is done to make the content accessible to those who are not proficient in the original language of the production and may not benefit from subtitles, such as children and individuals with limited literacy skills. The recreation aims not only to maintain the content but also the emotions, intonations, and nuances of the original performance, while synchronizing the sound with the lip movements of the characters on screen. Therefore, translation is just one requirement for the viability of dubbing. This study investigates the translation choices into Brazilian Portuguese of the final segment of the animation Lilo & Stitch and their potential impact on the target audience. Using pragmatic strategies of foreignization and domestication as an analytical framework for the songs, Hawaiian lexicon, and children's games present in the work, we conclude that there was inconsistency in the application of the strategies in the Brazilian version. Furthermore, some of the choices identified may lead to the erasure of cultural elements specific to Americans, particularly those of Native Hawaiian peoples.
Copyright (c) 2024 Laura Rodrigues Munhoz, Rozane Rodrigues Rebechi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The translation modality poetic audio-description as practice, resource and art
This study aims at analyzing the poetic Audio-description produced for the children’s book O jabuti não tá nem aí (2021), written by Itamar Assumpção and illustrated by Dalton Paula. The book is part of the program Leia para uma criança, promoted by Itaú bank, which offers audiovisual books with multiple resources of accessibility. The book was the finalist in the Jabuti Award and received a recommendation from Fundação Nacional do Livro Infantil e Juvenil (National Foundation of Children’s and Youth Books). The analysis shows how this translation process is materialized as a resource of accessibility in the reading development of blind children. Considering that ADp seeks to produce scripts of Audio-description as an artistic expression (Menezes 2019), it legitimates the existence of a process of meaning expansion in the translation from sight to hearing, in addition to stimulating the movement of interpretive and sensory expansions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liliam Cristina Marins https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Escritor e tradutor experiente, Alexandre Boide é responsável pela tradução de romances best-seller eletrizantes, tais como Os Sete Maridos de Evelyn Hugo (2019), Daisy Jones & the Six (2019), Amor(es) Verdadeiro(s) (2020) e muitos outros. Nesta entrevista, o profissional fala um pouco sobre a rotina da atividade tradutória, aponta seus desafios e discorre, ainda, acerca das tendências do mercado editorial, além de oferecer dicas valiosas a tradutores em formação.
Copyright (c) 2024 Judithe Bertolini, Fernanda Henriques Dias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Dealing with language variation in translator training
Language variation is present in every sphere of translation practice, but it is not a topic commonly or directly addressed in translation courses in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this article is to go over possibilities to deal with this topic in translator training classrooms, mentioning theoretical perspectives that could be useful to guide classroom discussions, as well as bringing examples from actual classroom situations to demonstrate the relevance of debating language variation with future translators. Even though language variation encompasses many medias, text genres and communicative situations, this study concludes that some generalizations are possible in order to better understand how to face these different scenarios in order to produce better-informed translations
Copyright (c) 2024 Vanessa Lopes Lourenço Hanes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transculturality, East-West and the space in-between
In which spaces do the arts move – painting and performative arts? How do they articulate social transfigurations of painting and popular festivals? How do identities get reinvented? Adaptations to spaces, times and (social) modes have been the centre of reflection to those interested in cultural dialogues between East-West and the new in-between spaces produced by both time and language (re)configurations, as well as by their transit in their reconfigurations. Following a transcultral thought derived from Translation Studies, this paper investigates two cultural manifestations from the two sides of the world, namely, Tomoo Handa´s painting in modernist Brazil and the Matsuri festival and its performative dance in Kyoto, Japan. The proposed dialogue between such apparently different forms of culture offers a reflection upon how (varied) arts have been translating culture(s) in ways as to adapt them, recreating identifications in hybrid spaces as ellaborated by Homi Bhabha (1998), Wolfgang Welsch (1999) and Avancini, Cordaro, Okano (2021) at the same time that it still justifies the interdisciplinarity of Cultural Studies (Cevasco, 2003) by means of an example.
Copyright (c) 2024 Allan Tanioka Yzumizawa, Gisele Wolkoff, Atílio Avancini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
"Ghosting": loanwords that emerge easily, people who disappear suddenly
This study aims to analyze loan neologisms emerging from the sphere of romantic relationships, focusing on their usage in the virtual environment. The corpus for this investigation comprises journalistic texts and social media posts from platform X (Twitter) from 2020 to 2024. The analysis describes these loan words within their contextual framework, elucidating their linguistic and cultural nuances. The theoretical underpinnings of this research draw upon the works of Alves (1984, 2004), Crystal (2003), Faraco (2001), Haugen (1950), and others. The methodological approach encompasses corpus collection, contrast with an exclusion corpus, detection and validation of loan neologisms, and in-depth analysis of these units. The loanwords examined, including red flag, cyberstalking, and gaslighting, underscore the profound transformations shaping the dynamics of romantic relationships in the digital age.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rômulo Ferreira dos Santos, Ana Maria Ribeiro de Jesus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The translator’s voice in the translations of the paratexts written by Charlotte Brontë for the second and third editions of Jane Eyre — dedication, preface and note
Dedications, prefaces, and author’s notes are integral parts of a novel, that is, they were included in the volume of the main text by the will of its author, as stated by Genette (2009) when defining what paratexts are. Charlotte Brontë added to her novel, Jane Eyre (1847), a dedication and a preface to the second edition, and a note to the third edition, all signed with the pseudonym, Currer Bell, whose association with the writer would only be revealed by her in 1850. There are at least 20 translations of Jane Eyre in Brazil, but only 11 of them have translated the paratexts. The main point of this article is to demonstrate that the translator's voice can be present (Hermans 1996; Schiavi 1996) in the translation of paratexts (Genette 2009), which can impact the way Brontë's message is transmitted to her readers in Brazil. A comparative descriptive analysis of the translated paratexts with those of the English version shows that the translator's voice is present mainly when a gender is assigned to the author of the source text. Considering that the real identity of the author of the novel was only revealed in 1850, we argue that the translators used their voice to make choices in place of the author — three translations attribute a female voice to the author of the paratexts, one attributes a neutral voice and the others, male voices.
Copyright (c) 2024 Adriana Iwasa, Lenita Maria Rimoli Pisetta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Multimodality and the Representation of Linguistic Identity in the Dubbing of Encanto (2021): an Analysis of the character ‘Abuela Alma’
The objective of this article was to describe and analyze linguistic identity in speech acts of a female character from the film Encanto (2021) in three dubbing versions: American English, Colombian Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese. Through a multimodal analysis (RILLIARD et al., 2009), which involves acoustic and visual elements of speech, we aim to examine verbal cues (SEARLE & VANDERVEKEN, 2005), nonverbal cues (Ekman & Friesen, 1978), and auditory cues (Laver, 1980) in the representation of Colombian linguistic identity, focusing on voice quality analysis (PODESVA & CALLIER, 2015). The film portrays the life of a Colombian family endowed with magical powers, except for Mirabel Madrigal. The collected data correspond to one speech act, resulting in five fragments. Linguistic identity is considered as an indicator that voice quality patterns vary according to individuals and their communities, serving as a crucial resource for indexing and representing identity. Perception tests were applied to judges to recognize and validate the auditory adjustments perceived in the characters' speech. The results indicated the formation of new layers of meaning added to an original reference (the original dubbing) to enhance the representation of Colombian identity for viewers of each dubbed version.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sabrina Moraes Antonio, Astrid Johana Pardo Gonzalez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0