De volta à polarização: uma revisão epistemológica com base na análise de redes sociais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2025.231236Palavras-chave:
Polarização política no debate digital, Análise de redes sociais, Mídias sociaisResumo
O conceito de polarização política aparece cada vez mais no vocabulário acadêmico e midiático. No entanto, não existe uma definição única para esse termo que nos possibilite uma produção de conhecimento estruturada e coerente em relação à sua natureza, seus determinantes e consequências. Neste artigo, propomos definir uma variante da polarização política que ocorre em espaços de debate público digital. Pretendemos oferecer mais um recurso para aprimorar nossa capacidade de analisar contextos sociais e midiáticos polarizados. Para atingir esse objetivo, analisamos um conjunto de técnicas bibliométricas (mecanismos de extração de redes e detecção de comunidades) que nos permitiram estabelecer os termos que estruturam o debate acadêmico sobre polarização política no debate digital (análise de coocorrência de termos), a análise de cocitação de referências citadas que agrupam os trabalhos mais relevantes nesse campo, bem como seu conteúdo. Identificamos uma série de tendências comuns tanto no termo comunidades quanto naquelas definidas a partir de referências citadas. Verificamos que existem elementos centrais do debate acadêmico sobre esse tema. Esses elementos foram utilizados como base para nossa proposta de definição, que destaca o caráter processual da polarização política na comunicação digital. Este artigo pode ser útil, portanto, não apenas para cientistas sociais, mas também para especialistas em comunicação e políticos profissionais interessados em entender melhor o que é polarização política e seus limites e esferas de influência.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Belen Casas-Mas, Ana Fernandez Zubieta, Jose Manuel Robles
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