Nações e nacionalismos (a teoria, a história, a moral)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702012000200003Palavras-chave:
Nação e nacionalismo, Identidade nacional, Comunidades imaginadas, Método comparativo, AnticolonialismoResumo
O artigo aborda a contribuição de Benedict Anderson para os estudos da nação e do nacionalismo nas ciências sociais e humanas, tendo como pretexto a reedição, em língua portuguesa, da sua mais conhecida obra, Comunidades imaginadas. Num primeiro momento, procede-se a um breve inventário genealógico dos estudos sobre a nação e sobre o nacionalismo, que visa sublinhar e interrogar o relativo desinteresse que as teorias sociais clássicas devotaram à ideia de nação e às suas formas específicas de incorporação política, econômica e sociocultural. Num segundo momento, reflete-se sobre o percurso intelectual e cívico do autor, contextualizando os seus interesses e as suas propostas analíticas, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à imaginação das identidades e comunidades nacionais e à sua organização em movimentos nacionalistas, mas também às noções de poder e às virtualidades e limites do método comparativo, ao papel das ideias e dos fenômenos culturais. Num terceiro momento, explora-se, de um ponto de vista crítico e reflexivo, as noções de imaginação e de comunidade na sua obra, articulando os seus sentidos e os seus usos e apropriações com os contextos históricos, acadêmicos e políticos, do seu percurso intelectual.
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