A batalha das línguas artificiais (volapük, o primeiro ator)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702012000200004Palavras-chave:
Path dependence, Volapük, Língua franca, EsperantoResumo
Este artigo faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa em andamento sobre a batalha das línguas artificiais (volapük, esperanto e ido) que ocorreu na virada do século xx, quando a ausência de uma língua franca e as demandas de um mundo mais globalizado fizeram algumas pessoas acreditar que uma língua artificial podia ser a solução para a dificuldade de comunicação do mundo. O artigo baseia-se nas literaturas sobre padronização e path dependence [dependência de trajetória], e destaca a necessidade de se concentrar na liderança e no imprinting [moldagem] empresarial para entender melhor os processos de path dependence e os resultados da padronização. Por razões de espaço, porém, este artigo se concentra apenas no primeiro proponente: o volapük.
Downloads
Referências
American Philosophical Society. (1888), “Report of the Committe appointed Oct. 21, 1887, to examine into the scientific value of the Volapük”. Nature, 38: 351-355.
. (1889), “Ergänzungs-Bericht des Comitè zur Formulierung einer international Sprache erstatet von demselben … am 7. Dezember 1888”. In: Einstein, Leopold.
Weltsprachliche Zeit- und Streitfragen. Nuremberg, Stein, pp. 21-26.
Arthur, W. Brian. (1994), Increasing returns and path dependence in the economy. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.
Arthur, W. Brian & Ruszczynski, Andrzej. (1994), “Strategic pricing in markets with increasing returns”. In: Arthur, W. Brian. Increasing returns and path dependence in the economy. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, pp. 159-201.
Balbour, Stephen & Carmichael, Cathie (orgs.). (2000), Language and nationalism in Europe. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Barandovská-Frank, Vera. (2002), “Über die Academia pro Interlingua”. In: Blanke, Detlev (org.). Plansprachen und ihre Gemeinschaften. Berlim, Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e. V., pp. 13-21.
Bauer, Georg. (1888), Spelin eine Allsprache. Zagreb.
Beckman, Christine M. (2006), “The influence of founding team company affiliations on firm behavior”. Academy of Management Journal, 49: 741-758.
Boecker, Warren. (1988), “Organizational origins: entrepreneurial and environmental imprinting at the time of founding”. In: Carroll, Glenn R. (org.). Ecological models of organizations. Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge University Press, pp. 33-51.
. (1989), “Strategic change: the effects of founding and history”. Academic Management Journal, 32: 489-515.
Bolman, Lee G. & Deal, Terrence E. (2008), Reframing organizations: artistry, choice, and leadership. San Francisco, John Wiley and Sons.
Bordo, Michael D., Taylor, Alan M. & Williamson, Jeffrey G. (orgs.). (2003), Globalization in historical perspective. Chicago, Chicago University Press.
Brugmann, Karl & Leskien, Ausgust. (1907), Zur Kritik der künstlichen Weltsprachen. Strasbourg, Karl J. Trübner.
Coppa, Frank J. (1979), Pope Pius ix: crusader in a secular age. Boston, Twayne.
Couturat, Louis & Leau, Léopold. (2001), Histoire de la langue universelle. Organizado por Reinhard Haupenthal. 1ª edição 1903. Hildesheim, Georg Olms.
Cusumano, Michael A., Mylonadis, Yiorgos & Rosenbloom, Richard S. (1992), “Strategic maneureving and mass-market dynamics: the triumph of vhs over Beta”. Business History Review, 66: 51-94.
Daudin, Guillaume, Morys, Matthias & O’Rourke, Kevin H. (2010), “Globalization, 1870-1914”. In: Broadberry, Stephen N. & O’Rourke, Kevin H. (orgs.).
The Cambridge economic history of modern Europe. Vol. 2: 1870 to the present. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 5-29.
David, Paul A. (1985), “Clio and the economics of qwerty”. American Economic Review, 75: 332-337.
. (1992), “Heroes, herds and hysteresis in technological history: Thomas Edison and ‘The battle of the systems’ reconsidered”. Industrial and Corporate Change, 1: pp. 129-176.
de Courtenay, Jan Baudouin. (1976), “Zur Kritik der künstlichen Weltsprachen”. In: Haupenthal, Reinhard (org.). Plansprachen. Beiträge zur Interlinguistik. 1ª edição 1907. Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, pp. 59-110.
Denzau, Arthur T. & North, Douglass C. (1994), “Shared mental models: ideologies and institutions”. Kyklos, 47: 3-31.
Ellis, Alexander J. (1888), “On the conditions of a universal language”. Transactions of the Philological Society. Grã-Bretanha, Philological Society, pp. 59-98.
Fodor, Istvan & Hagège, Claude (orgs.). (1983), Language reform: history and future. Hamburgo, Buske, 3 vols.
Formigari, Lia. (2004), A history of language philosophies. Amsterdã, John Benjamin.
Gröber, Konrad. (1912), “Der Altkatholizismus in Messkirch. Die Geshichte seiner Entwiklung und Bekämpfung”. Freiburger Diozesan-Archiv, 40: 135-198.
Gross, Michael. (2004), The war against catholicism. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.
Hamel, Richard. (1889), Die reaktionäre Tendenz der weltsprachlichen Bewegung, nebst über Untersuchungen über Wessen und Entwicklung der Sprache. Halle a/S., Tausch & Grosse.
Haupenthal, Reinhard. (1984), Der erste Volapük-Kongress. Friedrichshafen, August 1884. Saarbrücken, Iltis.
. (1989), “Nachwort zum Neudruck”. In: Kniele, Rupert. Der erste Jahrzehnt der Weltsprache Volapük. 1ª edição 1889. Saarbrücken, Iltis, pp. 133-142.
. (2005a), Über die Startbedingungen zweir Plansprache. Saarbrücken, Iltis.
. (2005b), 125 Jahre Volapük. Leben und Werk Johann Martin Schleyer (1831-1912). Saarbrücken, Iltis.
. (2005c), La pastro de Litzelstetten. Decenio (1875-1885) en la vivo de Johann Martin Schleyer (1831-1912). Saarbrücken, Iltis.
. (2007), Prälat Johann Martin Schleyer (1831-1912). Saarbrücken, Iltis.
Hobsbawm, Eric. (1990), Nations and nationalism. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Holmes, Michael A. F. (1903), Dictionary of the neutral language. Rochester, ny, John P. Smith.
Johnson, Victoria. (2007), “What is organizational imprinting? Cultural entrepreneurship in the founding of the Paris Opera”. American Journal of Sociology, 113:97-127.
Kerckhoffs, Auguste. (1887), Langue commercial internationals: cours complet de Volapük. 8 ed. Paris, Le Soudier.
Kniele, Rupert. (1989), Der erste Jahrzehnt der Weltsprache Volapük. 1ª edição 1889. Saarbrücken, Iltis.
Löw, Heinrich. (1891), “Christian Karl Gross. Ein Gedenkblatt”. Rund um die Welt, 30 set.-16 out., pp. 193-196.
March, Francis A. (1893), “The spelling reform”. Bureau of Education. Circular of Information, n. 8. Washington D.C., Government Printing Office.
Mattli, Walter & Büthe, Tim. (2003), “Setting international standards: technological rationality or primacy of power?”. World Politics, 56: 1-42.
Mergel, Thomas. (1996), “Ultramontanism, liberalism, moderation: political mentalities and political behavior of the German catholic Bürgertum, 1848-1914”. Central European History, 29: 151-174.
Meyer, Gustav. (1976), “Weltsprache und Weltsprachen”. In: Haupenthal, Reinhard (org.). Plansprachen- Beiträge zur Interlinguistik. 1ª edição 1893. Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Bushgesselschaft, pp. 28-45.
Müller, Ernst. (1888), Der Phantom der Weltsprache. Worte der Aufklärung und Ernüchterung über das Volapük und den Weltsprach-Gedanken im Allgemeinen. Berlim, Ulrich.
Mullinger, J. B. (1875), The new reformation: a narrative of the old catholic movement from 1870 to the present time. Londres, Longmans.
Nooteboom, Bart. (2000), Learning and innovations in organizations and economies. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
North, Douglass C. (1990), Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
O’Rourke, Kevin H. & Williamson, Jeffrey G. (1999), Globalization and history. Cambridge, Mass., mit Press.
Rosenberg, Woldemar. (1903), “Brief history of the International Academy of the Universal Language”. In: Holmes, Michael A. F. Dictionary of the neutral language.
Rochester, ny, John P. Smith, pp. 277-300.
Scarth, A. M. E. (1883), The story of the old catholic and kindred movements. Londres, Simpkin.
Schleyer, Johann Martin. (1885), Hauptgedanken meiner öffentlichen Vortrage über die von mir ersonnene Allsprache Volapük. Konstanz, A. Moriell.
. (1888), “Wie kam der Erfinder del Weltsprache Zur Idee seiner Erfindung?”. Rund um die Welt, 30 mar., pp. 1-4, e 14 abr., pp. 17-19.
. (1912), Ein Idealvolk. 2 ed. Constanz, Weltsprache.
. (1982), Volapük. Die Weltsprache. Entwurf einer Universalsprache für alle Gebildete der ganzen Welt. Organizado por Reinhard Haupenthal. 1ª edição 1880. Hildesheim, Olms.
. (2008), “Meine Biographie”. In: Haupenthal, Reinhard (org.). Prälat Johann Martin Schleyer (1831-1912). 1ª edição 1880. Saarbrücken, Iltis, pp. 121-146.
Schmidt, Johann. (1986), Geschichte der universalsprache Volapük. Organizado por Reinhard Haupenthal. 1ª edição 1964. Saarbrucken, Iltis.
Schuchardt, Hugo. (1888), Auf Anlass des Volapüks. Berlim, Robert Oppenheim.
. (1894), Weltsprache und Weltsprachen, an Gustav Meyer. Strassburg, Karl J. Trübner (http://schuchardt.uni-graz.at, consultado em 24 de maio de 2010).
Shenton, Herbert N. (1933), Cosmopolitan Conversation. Nova York, Columbia University Press.
Spencer, Herbert. (1904), An autobiography. Nova York, Appleton and Cia., 2 vols.
Spielmann, Sigmund (org.). (1887), Volapük-Almanach für 1888. Leipzig, Mayer.
Sprague, Charles E. (1889), “The Volapük Congress at Paris”. Volapük. A Monthly Journal of the World Language, pp. 40-46.
Staller, Natasha. (1994), “Babel: hermetic languages, universal languages, and anti-languages in fin de siècle Parisian culture”. Art Bulletin, 76: 331-354.
uai (Union of International Associations). (1957), Les 1978 organisations internationales fondées depuis le Congrès de Vienne. Bruxelas.
Ziemer, H. (1888), “E. Müller. Das Phantom der Weltsprache”. Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift, 47: 1458-1459.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2015 Tempo Social
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
