Legalização da cannabis e colonialidade: uma análise do caso canadense e dos limites da dessecuritização
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2026.242942Schlagwörter:
legalização da cannabis, colonialidade, dessecuritização, povos indígenas, políticas de drogasAbstract
Este estudo analisa o processo de legalização da cannabis no Canadá e argumenta que, diante dos impactos históricos do proibicionismo e da “guerra às drogas”, é necessário pensar além da lógica da dessecuritização para compreender a persistência de práticas proibicionistas e coloniais. Para sustentar esse argumento, o trabalho se debruça sobre a relação traçada entre o governo federal canadense e os povos originários, destacando tensões relacionadas à soberania, autonomia e participação política. A pesquisa adota uma metodologia qualitativa, baseada em fontes primárias e secundárias e no método de process tracing theory testing. Concluímos, ainda que parcialmente, que o processo canadense de legalização expõe a permanência e a reconfiguração de práticas colonialistas que desconsideram os direitos de soberania e autodeterminação indígena.
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