Genetic influence on late onset Alzeimer's disease

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Late Onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) represents the majority of cases of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES: To review relevant results to candidate and susceptibility genes related to LOAD. METHODS: Bibliographic review, starting from 1990, utilizing PubMed and SciELO data banks. RESULTS: Genetic polymorphisms are more relevant for LOAD than mutations, and E*4 allele of APOE gene is the major risk factor known until now. Neverthless, other genes are being investigated and data are available about the relation with LOAD to the genes coding for apolipoprotein CI, antichymotrypsin, sigma receptor type 1, angiotensin converting enzyme, alfa 2-macroglobulin, LDL receptor related protein, interleucin 1 alfa and beta, paraoxonase, serotonin transporter and serotonin receptors. CONCLUSIONS: LOAD presents multifactorial etiology, and a broad number of genetic markers interferes with its development. They should be further pursued in the Brazilian population, in which ethnic background is distinct from North-american and European populations. Only with this data, a determination of the genetic risk profile will be feasible, and will improve the detection of the individuals at greater probability of developing the disease.