Aplicação das escalas Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) e Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) na recuperação funcional do membro superior em pacientes pós-acidente vascular encefálico crônico: revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.20130008Palavras-chave:
Acidente Vascular Encefálico, Extremidade Superior, Reabilitação, Questionários, Literatura de Revisão como AssuntoResumo
Estima-se que de 45 a 75% dos adultos que sofreram um Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) têm dificuldade de utilizar o membro superior (MS) hemiparético nas atividades de vida diária (AVD’s) na fase crônica. Escalas funcionais são utilizadas na prática da reabilitação e em pesquisas para diagnósticos, prognósticos e resposta a tratamentos. As escalas Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) e Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) são instrumentos muito citados na literatura. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicação das escalas WMFT e FMA na recuperação funcional do membro superior em pacientes pós AVE crônico. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com busca nas bases de dados do MedLine (PubMed) de artigos publicados de 2000 a 2013. Adotou-se como estratégia de pesquisa o método (P.I.C.O.). Os descritores utilizados para a pesquisa foram: (stroke OR cerebrovascular disorders OR intracranial arteriosclerosis OR intracranial embolism and thrombosis) AND (fugl-meyer assessment OR wolf motor function test). Foi utilizado therapy narrow como filtro de busca. Resultados: Foram encontrados 181 estudos, 89 foram eliminados por não preencherem os critérios de inclusão ou por não apresentarem tema relevante à pesquisa. Após a seleção por título e resumo, 92 artigos foram lidos na íntegra. Destes, 47 foram excluídos por não contemplarem o objetivo da presente pesquisa. No total, 45 artigos foram revisados. Houve predomínio da utilização da ferramenta FMA e verificouse que 80% dos estudos aplicaram esta escala para avaliar respostas a diferentes tipos de terapias. Nestes estudos, a intervenção mais utilizada foi a Terapia de Contensão Induzida (TCI) (25%), seguida pela Terapia Robótica (22,2%). Apesar do WMFT ter sido inicialmente desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos da TCI, nos dias de hoje verifica-se sua utilização para avaliar a recuperação funcional de pacientes com sequelas de AVE após aplicação de outras técnicas. Em nossa pesquisa, 44,4% dos estudos utilizaram o WMFT, destes, 35% avaliaram os efeitos da TCI, 15% da terapia robótica de MS e 65% usaram diferentes terapias. Conclusão: Em estudos controlados randomizados, a FMA foi a escala mais utilizada para avaliar a recuperação funcional do MS em pacientes com AVE crônico, inclusive após aplicação de terapia robótica. Porém, verificamos que ela não é a escala mais indicada para avaliar os mesmos desfechos após utilização da TCI. Entretanto, a WMFT foi a escala mais utilizada para avaliação funcional após aplicação da TCI e mostrou-se mais sensível que a FMA na terapia bilateral, além de alta aplicabilidade na terapia de realidade virtual.
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