Avaliação biopsicossocial de pacientes com dor lombar de um hospital público no Brasil: estudo transversal observacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v31i1a214804Palavras-chave:
Dor Lombar, Autoavaliação, Serviço Hospitalar de Fisioterapia, Hospitais PúblicosResumo
Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar, no entendimento biopsicossocial, pacientes com dor lombar que procuraram o serviço de fisioterapia de um hospital público. Método: Estudo transversal realizado para avaliar aspectos biopsicossociais relacionados à dor em um serviço público de um país subdesenvolvido. Para caracterizar os pacientes com dor lombar, considerando o aspecto biopsicossocial, foram coletados dados referentes à condição socioeconômica e hábitos de vida, intensidade da dor, funcionalidade, considerando aspectos psicológicos, cinesiofobia, catastrofização da dor, sensibilização central, depressão e ansiedade, foram avaliados com critérios específicos. escalas e questionários. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 300 pacientes com dor lombar, 70% da amostra era composta por mulheres, com idade média de 54 anos e com vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. A amostra foi marcada pela alta prevalência de tratamentos e exames de imagem anteriores, apresentou nível médio de incapacidade e pontuações em escalas psicológicas que sugerem a presença de crenças e comportamentos limitantes em relação à dor e ao movimento, além de 47% apresentarem alto risco para incapacidade persistente e mau prognóstico. Conclusão: Os principais achados descritivos deste estudo foram uma amostra com dor lombar crônica, representada maioritariamente por uma população desempregada, com baixa renda, baixa escolaridade, com tempo médio de exposição aos sintomas elevado e nível médio de incapacidade. No que diz respeito aos fatores psicossociais, grande parte da amostra apresentou alto risco de mau prognóstico e incapacidade persistente, além de escores que sugerem a presença de pensamentos catastróficos, ansiedade, medo de movimento e sensibilização central.
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