Estudo descritivo sobre a importância da avaliação funcional como procedimento prévio no controle fisiológico do treinamento físico de futebolistas realizado em pré-temporada

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to show the importance of functional evaluation as a procedure used in the physiological control of pre-season physical training for professional soccer players. In a preliminary round aiming at 1999 São Paulo soccer championship, 23 soccer players belonging to the Departament of Professional Soccer at Associação Portuguesa de Desportos were evaluated and then assembled in Águas de Lindóia, a resort in São Paulo State, for a 16-day period. All of them underwent a battery of tests comprising cardiorespiratory, metabolic, odontological and lower limb isokinetic evaluation, as well as body fat and anaerobic power percentage by the Wingate test and field tests. These were the results and parameters evaluated in the Ventilatory Threshold 2 (VT2): VO2 = 49.09 ± 4.83 mL.kg-1.min-1; %VO2 = 82.7 ± 5.8; running speed = 12.8 ± 0.9 km.h-1; HR = 174 ± 9 bpm; in maximum exercise: VE BTPS = 137.3 ± 11.3 L.min-1; running speed = 17.6 ± 0.7 km.h-1; HR = 191 ± 8 bpm; VO2peak = 59.28 ± 3.52 mL.kg- 1.min-1; lactic acid = 10.5 ± 1.5 mM. Wingate test: peak power = 13.5 ± 1.1w.kg-1; average power = 10.1 ± 0.6 w.kg-1; fatigue index = 53.0 ± 7.7%. Isokinetic test: angular speed at 60°S-1 right leg extension and flexion = 298 ± 72 and 198 ± 44 Nm, respectively; at 300°S-1 extension and flexion = 137 ± 32 and 121 ± 26 Nm, respectively. Angular speed at 60°S-1 left leg extension and flexion = 272 ± 62 and 185 ± 45 Nm, respectively; at 300° S-1 extension and flexion 138 ± 28 and 122 ± 27 Nm, respectively. The intensity of aerobic and anaerobic trainings was controlled on the field by measuring lactic acid. To this end we used a portable measuring device. The body-building training was carried out at a 60% maximum charge for each exercise. The limber-up and swimming-pool exercises were exhaustively carried out by the soccer players. Each training session (morning and afternoon) lasted 120 minutes on average. Therefore, considering the short time designed for this phase of preparation, the importance of a multidisciplinary functional evaluation is even more justifiable for, according to the results, it allows one to detect and correct possible deficiencies with an objectively oriented soccer players training.