Symptoms of anxiety and depression modulated by physical exercise and food consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v29i2a189214Keywords:
COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, Feeding Behavior, ExerciseAbstract
Objective: Falls This study aimed to compare the symptoms of anxiety and depression in Brazilian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic as a function of exercise practice and food quality. Methods: Cross-sectional and observational research, carried out with 1,118 adults (18 to 59 years old) from different regions of Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, physical exercise, nutrition and social isolation issues during the COVID-19 pandemic was used. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was also used. Results: Data analysis was performed using the Koolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene's homogeneity of variance test and independent t test (p<0.05). Individuals who reported that they did not practice physical exercise before social isolation had higher scores for both anxiety and depression (p= 0.001). On the other hand, individuals who reported that they were exercising during social isolation had lower scores for both anxiety and depression (p= 0.001). Individuals who reported eating a greater quantity and poorer quality of food during isolation had higher scores in both variables. Conclusion: It is concluded that the practice of physical exercise and the quality of food proved to be possibly intervening factors in the symptoms of anxiety and depression before and during the period of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Downloads
References
Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and health. 2020;16(1):1-11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
Brooks SK, Webster R K, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-920. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A. Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102076. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076
Liu D, Ren YP, Yan F, Li YQ, Xu XJ, Yu X, et al. Psychological Impact and Predisposing Factors of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on General Public in China. SSRN; 2020: 3551415. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3551415
Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2021;26(1):13-22. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1746817
Bareeqa SB, Ahmed SI, Samar SS, Yasin W, Zehra S, Monese GM, Gouthro RV. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in china during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2021;56(4):210-27. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217420978005
World Health Organization. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak [tex on the Internet]. Geneva: WHO; c2020 [cited 2021 Ago 6]. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf
Werneck AO, Silva DRD, Malta DC, Souza-Júnior PRB, Azevedo LO, Barros MBA, et al. Lifestyle behaviors changes during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among 6,881 Brazilian adults with depression and 35,143 without depression. Cien Saude Colet. 2020;25(suppl 2):4151-6. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202510.2.27862020
Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1583. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583
Bentlage E, Ammar A, How D, Ahmed M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, et al. Practical Recommendations for Maintaining Active Lifestyle during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6265. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176265
Kaux JF, Francaux M. Physical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sci Sports. 2020;35(3):117-8. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2020.05.001
Jiménez-Pavón D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Lavie CJ. Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(3):386-8. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009
Yarimkaya E, Esentürk OK. Promoting physical activity for children with autism spectrum disorders during Coronavirus outbreak: benefits, strategies, and examples. Int J Develop Disabil. 2020: 1756115. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2020.1756115
Ricci F, Izzicupo P, Moscucci F, Sciomer S, Maffei S, Di Baldassarre A, Mattioli AV, Gallina S. Recommendations for Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behavior During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Front Public Health. 2020;8:199. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00199
Scarmozzino F, Visioli F. Covid-19 and the subsequent lockdown modified dietary habits of almost half the population in an Italian sample. Foods. 2020;9(5):675. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050675
Zachary Z, Brianna F, Brianna L, Garrett P, Jade W, Alyssa D, et al. Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2020;14(3):210-6. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2020.05.004
Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. Modeling study suggests 18 months of COVID-19 social distancing, much disruption [text on the Internet]. Minneapolis; CIDRAP; c2020 [cited 2020 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/03/modeling-study-suggests-18-months-covid-19-social-distancing-much
Violant-Holz V, Gallego-Jiménez MG, González-González CS, Muñoz-Violant S, Rodríguez MJ, Sansano-Nadal O, et al. Psychological health and physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(24):9419. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249419
Malta M, Cardoso LO, Bastos FI, Magnanini MMF, Silva CMFP. Iniciativa STROBE: subsídios para a comunicação de estudos observacionais. Rev Saúde Pública. 2010;44(3):559-65. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102010000300021
Botega NJ, Bio MR, Zomignani MA, Garcia Jr C, Pereira WAB. Transtornos do humor em enfermaria de clínica médica e validação de escala de medida (HAD) de ansiedade e depressão. Rev Saude Publica. 1995;29(5):359-63. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89101995000500004
Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988.
Saeed SA, Cunningham K, Bloch RM. Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Benefits of Exercise, Yoga, and Meditation. Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(10):620-7.
Stanton R, To QG, Khalesi S, Williams SL, Alley SJ, Thwaite TL, et al. Depression, anxiety and stress during COVID-19: associations with changes in physical activity, sleep, tobacco and alcohol use in Australian adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):4065. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114065
Schuch FB, Bulzing RA, Meyer J, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Stubbs B, et al. Associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior with depressive and anxiety symptoms in self-isolating people during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Brazil. Psychiatry Res. 2020;292:113339. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113339
Qin F, Song Y, Nassis G, Zhao L, Cui S, Lai L, et al. Prevalence of insufficient physical activity, sedentary screen time and emotional well-being during the early days of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a national cross-sectional study. SSRN Electron. 2020;15:5170. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3566176
Jacob L, Tully MA, Barnett Y, Lopez-Sanchez GF, Butler L, Schuch F, et al. The relationship between physical activity and mental health in a sample of the UK public: A cross-sectional study during the implementation of COVID-19 social distancing measures. Ment Health Phys Act. 2020;19:100345. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100345
Kandola A, Vancampfort D, Herring M, Rebar A, Hallgren M, Firth J, et al. Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20(8):63. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0923-x
Faber A, Dubé L, Knäuper B. Attachment and eating: A meta-analytic review of the relevance of attachment for unhealthy and healthy eating behaviors in the general population. Appetite. 2018;123:410-38. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.043
Phillipou A, Meyer D, Neill E, Tan EJ, Toh WL, Van Rheenen TE, et al. Eating and exercise behaviors in eating disorders and the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(7):1158-65. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.23317
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Acta Fisiátrica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
