Cursed sciences? Assyriology and Egyptology: colonial metaphors, objects, and museums from South America
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02672021v29e49Keywords:
Colonial metaphors, Museums, Assyriology, EgyptologyAbstract
This paper discusses how the construction of colonial metaphors from the mid-19th century in the Western world favored the foundation of the new imperialist order that promoted the political and economic domination of Asia and Africa and the looting of the cultural property of native peoples. These metaphors were embraced not only by members of the ruling class, but also by those belonging to the intelligentsia of the time, especially from the gestation of the so-called Ancient Near Eastern Studies. The confiscation of cultural objects from subject regions grounded the formation of the European and North American museums, whose collector model was emulated by the elites of South America.
Downloads
References
LIBROS, ARTÍCULOS Y TESIS
ABRAHAMI, Philippe. La sumérologie à ses débuts: du déchiffrement à la grammaire d’A. Poebel (1852-1923). Egypte, Afrique & Orient, Montségur, v. 47, p. 27-36, 2007.
ABT, Jeffrey. American Egyptologist: the life of James Henry Breasted and the creation of his Oriental Institute. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
ABUSCH, Tzvi et al. (eds.). Historiography in the cuneiform world. Bethesda: CDL, 2001. Part 1.
APPADURAI, Arjun. Introduction: commodities and the politics of value. In: The social life of things: commodities in cultural perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. p. 3-63.
ASSMANN, Jan. Egyptian mysteries and secret societies in the age of Enlightenment. A ‘mnemohistorical’ study. Aegyptiaca, Heidelberg, n. 1, p. 4-25, 2017. Doi: <https://doi.org/10.11588/aegyp.2017.1.40162>.
ASSMANN, Jan. El lugar de Egipto en la historia de la memoria de Occidente. In: SCHRÖDER, Gerhart; BREUNINGER, Helga (comps.). Teoría de la cultura. Ciudad de México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2005. p. 54-74.
ASSMANN, Jan. Religio duplex: how the Enlightenment reinvented Egyptian religion. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2014.
BAGG, Ariel M. Geschichtsschreibung in der Assyriologie: Überlegungen zu W. Mayer, Politik und Kriegskunst der Assyrer. Die Welt des Orients, Göttingen, v. 29, p. 98-108, 1998.
BAHRANI, Zainab. Race and ethnicity in Mesopotamian antiquity. World Archaeology, London, v. 38, n. 1, p. 48-59, 2006.
BAHRANI, Zainab. The graven image: representation in Babylonia and Assyria. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
BASELLO, Gian Pietro. Elam between Assyriology and Iranian studies. In: PANAINO, Antonio; PIRAS, Andrea (eds.). Schools of Oriental Studies and the development of modern historiography. Milan: Università di Bologna & Isiao, 2004. p. 1-40.
BERGEL, Martín. El Oriente desplazado: los intelectuales y los orígenes del tercermundismo en la Argentina. Bernal: Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 2015.
BERNAL, Martin. Black Athena: the Afroasiatic roots of classical civilization: volume II: the archaeological and documentary evidence. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press Classics, 1987.
BERNAL, Martin. Black Athena: the Afroasiatic roots of classical civilization: volume III: The linguistic evidence. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press Classics, 2006.
BERNAL, Martin. Black Athena writes back: Martin Bernal responds to his critics. Durham: Duke University Press, 2001.
BIERBRIER, Morris L. Who was who in Egyptology. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 2012.
BONANNO, Mariano. El sarcófago de Amenirdis (Inv. -28104-): apuntes en relación a su programa iconográfico y textual: sitio de procedencia, datación y depositación. Arqueología, Buenos Aires, v. 25, n. 1, p. 187-201, 2019. Doi: <https://doi.org/10.34096/arqueologia.t25.n1.6012>.
BONANNO, Mariano. Iconografía de la tapa del sarcófago de Amenirdis (Inv. -28104-). Mirada y agencia como herramientas de análisis. Hélade, Río de Janeiro, v. 4, n. 2, p. 29-42, 2018.
BOTTÉRO, Jean. Éloge d’une science inutile: l’orientalisme. Akkadica, Brussels, v. 30, p. 12-26, 1982.
CABRERA, Rodrigo. Entre cuñas, tablillas y escribas: la materialidad de los paisajes funerarios en Mesopotamia durante la tercera dinastía de Ur. Revista del Museo de Antropología, Córdoba, v. 12, n. 2, p. 7-22, 2019. Doi: <https://doi.org/10.31048/1852.4826.v12.n2.23526>.
CARDOSO, Ciro Flamarion Santana. A cidade-Estado antiga. São Paulo: Ática, 1987.
CARDOSO, Ciro Flamarion Santana. O Egito Antigo. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1982.
CARRUTHERS, William (ed.). Histories of Egyptology: interdisciplinary measures. London: Routledge, 2014.
CARRUTHERS, William. The rise and fall of ancient Egypt? Egyptology’s never-ending story. Antiquity, Cambridge, v. 85, n. 330, p. 1144-1447, 2011. Doi: <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00062165>.
CASTELLO, Hugo. Historia del Museo Público de Buenos Aires (1812-1884). Cuadernos manzana de las luces-crónicas de su historia, Buenos Aires, n. 11, p. 1-30, 2014.
CHARPIN, Dominique. Renan, un sémitisant au berceau de l’Assyriologie. In: LAURENS, Henry (ed.). Ernest Renan: la science, la religion, la République. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2013. p. 77-99.
COLLA, Elliot. Conflicted antiquities: Egyptology, Egyptomania, Egyptian modernity. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007.
COOPER, Jerrold. Posing the Sumerian question: race and scholarship in the early history of Assyriology. In: MICHALOWSKI, Piotr et al. (eds.). Velles paraules: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in honor of Miguel Civil on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday. Barcelona: Ausa, 1991. p. 47-66.
CÓRDOBA ZOILO, Joaquín María; JIMÉNEZ ZAMUDIO, Rafael; SEVILLA CUEVA, Covadonga (eds.). El redescubrimiento de Oriente Próximo y Egipto: viajes, hallazgos e investigaciones: actas del Primer Seminario Monográfico de Primavera. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 2001.
CÓRDOBA ZOILO, Joaquín María; PÉREZ DÍE, María del Carmen (eds.). La aventura española en Oriente (1166-2006): la arqueología española en Oriente: nacimiento y desarrollo de una nueva ciencia. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura, 2006a.
CÓRDOBA ZOILO, Joaquín María; PÉREZ DÍE, María del Carmen (eds.). La aventura española en Oriente (1166-2006): viajeros, museos y estudiosos en la historia del redescubrimiento del Oriente próximo antiguo. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura, 2006b.
DA RIVA, Rocío; VIDAL, Jordi (eds.). Descubriendo el antiguo Oriente: pioneros y arqueólogos de Mesopotamia y Egipto a fines del s. XIX y principios del s. XX. Barcelona: Bellaterra, 2015.
DANERI, Alicia. Las piezas egipcias del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (Primera parte). Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Buenos Aires, v. 4, p. 129-134, 1978.
DANERI, Alicia. Las piezas egipcias del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (Segunda parte). Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Buenos Aires, v. 5, p. 117-139, 1980.
DAWSON, Warren Royal. Charles Wycliffe Goodwin, 1817-1878: a pioneer in Egyptology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934.
DÉMARE-LAFONT, Sophie. L’Assyriologie est-elle une invention de l’Occident? Droit et Cultures, Paris, p. 105-116, 2008.
DUSSEL, Enrique. Europa, modernidad y eurocentrismo. In: LANDER, Edgardo (comp.). La colonialidad del saber: eurocentrismo y ciencias sociales: perspectivas latinoamericanas. Buenos Aires: Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, 2004. p. 39-51.
EATON, Anne Wescott. Artifacts and their functions. In: GASKELL, Ivan; CARTER, Sarah Anne (eds.). The Oxford handbook of History and material culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. p. 35-53.
FALES, Frederick Mario. L’historien du Proche-Orient antique: entre passé et présent. Transeuphratène, Paris, v. 31, p. 55-66, 2006.
FINKELSTEIN, Jacob Joel. Mesopotamian historiography. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, v. 107, n. 6, p. 461-472, 1963.
FRITZE, Ronald. Egyptomania: a history of fascination, obsession and fantasy. London: Reaktion Books, 2016.
FUSCALDO, Perla. Las piezas egipcias del Museo Etnográfico de Buenos Aires (Primera parte). Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Buenos Aires, v. 1, p. 57-97, 1972.
FUSCALDO, Perla. Las piezas egipcias del Museo Etnográfico de Buenos Aires (Segunda parte). Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Buenos Aires, v. 2, p. 139-166, 1973.
FUSCALDO, Perla. Las piezas egipcias del Museo Etnográfico de Buenos Aires (Última parte). Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Buenos Aires, v. 4, p. 87-97, 1980.
GANGE, David. Dialogues with the dead: Egyptology in British culture and religion, 1822-1922. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
GASQUET, Axel. Oriente al sur: el orientalismo literario argentino de Esteban Echeverría a Roberto Arlt. Buenos Aires: Eudeba, 2010.
GELL, Alfred. Art and agency: an anthropological theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
GOOCH, George Peabody. History and historians in the nineteenth century. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1913.
GOSDEN, Chris; MARSHALL, Yvonne. The cultural biography of objects. World Archaeology, London, v. 31, n. 2, p. 169-178, 1999.
HARTOG, François. Le miroir d’Hérodote: essai sur la représentation de l’autre. Paris: Gallimard, 1980.
HICKS, Dan. The material-cultural turn: event and effect. In: HICKS, Dan; BEAUDRY, Mary Carolyn (eds.). The Oxford handbook of material culture studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. p. 25-98.
HOBSBAWM, Eric. La era del imperio, 1875-1914. Barcelona: Crítica, 2007.
HODDER, Ian. Human-thing entanglement: towards an integrated archaeological perspective. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, London, v. 17, n. 1, p. 154-177, 2011.
HOOCK, Holger. The British state and the Anglo-French wars over antiquities, 1798-1858. The Historical Journal, Cambridge, v. 50, n. 1, p. 49-72, 2007.
IAMARINO, María Laura; LOVECKY, Gabriela; NEIRA CORDERO, Elisa. El ajuar funerario y la memoria cultural: las piezas egipcias del Museo Etnográfico de Buenos Aires. In: IIª Conferencia de Egiptología Latinoamericana, septiembre de 2016. Buenos Aires: Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2016. p. 1-20.
JAMES, Thomas Garnet Henry. Howard Carter: the path to Tutankhamun. London: Tauris-Parke Paperbacks, 2001.
KRAMER, Samuel Noah. From the tablets of Sumer: twenty-five firsts in man’s recorded History. Indian Hills: Falcon’s Wing Press, 1956.
KRISTEVA, Julia. Pouvoirs de l’horreur essai sur l’abjection. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1980.
LAKOFF, Geoger; JOHNSON, Mark. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
LEFKOWITZ, Mary. Not out of Africa: how afrocentrism became an excuse to teach myth as History. New York: A New Republic of Books, 1996.
LIVERANI, Mario. Immaginare Babele: due secoli di studi sulla città orientale antica. Roma: Gius. Laterza & Figli, 2013.
MACDONALD, Sally; RICE, Michel (eds.). Consuming ancient Egypt. Walnut Creek: Lef Coast Press, Inc., 2009.
MARCHAND, Suzanne. German orientalism in the age of empire: religion, race, and scholarship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
MARCHAND, Suzanne; GRAFTON, Anthony. Martin Bernal and his critics. Arion: a Journal of Humanities and the Classics, Boston, v. 5, n. 2, p. 1-35, 1997.
MERCANTE, Víctor. Tut-ankh-amon y la civilización de Oriente. Buenos Aires: García Santos, 1928.
MESKELL, Lynn. Introduction: object orientations. In: Archaeologies of materiality. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. p. 1-17.
MESKELL, Lynn. The practice and politics of Archaeology in Egypt. The New York Academy of Sciences, New York, v. 925, n. 1, p. 146-169, 2020. Doi: <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05588.x>.
MIGNOLO, Walter. La colonialidad a lo largo y a lo ancho: el hemisferio occidental en el horizonte colonial de la modernidad. In: LANDER, Edgardo (comp.). La colonialidad del saber: eurocentrismo y ciencias sociales: perspectivas latinoamericanas. Buenos Aires: Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, 2004. p. 52-82.
MILLER, Daniel (ed.). Material cultures: why some things matter. London: University College London Press, 1998.
MILLER, Daniel. Material culture and mass consumption. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 1987.
MILLER, Daniel. Materiality: an introduction. In: Materiality. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005. p. 1-50.
MITCHELL, Timothy. Colonising Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
MOLINA, Manuel. Ur, ciudad de los caldeos: Sir Leonard Woolley en la residencia de estudiantes. In: DIEGO, Estrella de; GARCÍA-VELASCO, José (eds.). Viajeros por el conocimiento. Madrid: Residencia de Estudiantes, 2010. p. 521-569.
MORENO, Francisco. El museo de La Plata: rápida ojeada sobre su fundación y desarrollo. Revista del Museo, La Plata, v. 1, p. 28-55, 1891.
MORENO GARCÍA, Juan Carlos. The cursed discipline? The peculiarities of Egyptology at the turn of the twenty-first century. In: CARRUTHERS, William (ed.). Histories of Egyptology: interdisciplinary measures. London: Routledge, 2014. p. 50-63.
MORENO GARCÍA, Juan Carlos. Un mito tenaz: el Egipto antiguo o el paraíso perdido en la obra de los egiptólogos de finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX. In: DA RIVA, Rocío; VIDAL, Jordi (eds.). Descubriendo el Antiguo Oriente: pioneros y arqueólogos de Mesopotamia y Egipto a fines del s. XIX y principios del s. XX. Barcelona: Bellaterra, 2015. p. 103-122.
MOSER, Stephanie. Wondrous curiosities: ancient Egypt at the British museum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
NYORD, Rune (ed.). Concepts in Middle Kingdom funerary culture: proceedings of the Lady Wallis Budge Anniversary Symposium held at Christ’s College, Cambridge, 22nd January 2016. Leiden: Brill, 2019.
ONG, Walter. Orality and literacy: the technologizing of the word. London: Routledge, 1982.
OPPENHEIM, Adolf Leo. Assyriology: why and how? Current Anthropology, Chicago, v. 1, n. 5-6, p. 409-423, 1960.
PARRAMORE, Lynn. Reading the Sphinx: Ancient Egypt in nineteenth-century literary culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
PEGORARO, Andrea. Las colecciones del Museo Etnográfico de la Universidad de Buenos Aires: un episodio en la historia del americanismo en la Argentina 1890-1927. 2009. Disertación (Doctorado en Arqueología) – Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 2009.
PEREYRA, Violeta; ZINGARELLI, Andrea. Una interpretación del tributo en el Egipto Imperial. Anales de Historia Antigua, Medieval y Moderna, Buenos Aires, v. 35-36, p. 81-96, 2003.
PETRIE, William Matthew Flinders. Methods and aims in Archaeology. London: MacMillan and Co., 1904.
PODGORNY, Irina. William Flinders Petrie: un repositorio nacional para la ciencia y el arte. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2011.
POZZER, Katia Maria Paim. Guerra, violência e memória cultural nas imagens assírias. Anos 90, Porto Alegre, v. 25, n. 47, p. 39-59, 2018. Doi: <http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1983-201X.80830>.
QUIJANO, Aníbal. Colonialidad del poder, eurocentrismo y América Latina. In: LANDER, Edgardo (comp.). La colonialidad del saber: eurocentrismo y ciencias sociales: perspectivas latinoamericanas. Buenos Aires: Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, 2004. p. 193-238.
RAY, John. The Rosetta Stone and the rebirth of ancient Egypt. London: Profile Books, 2008.
REDE, Marcelo. Estudos de cultura material: uma vertente francesa. Anais do Museu Paulista, São Paulo, v. 8, n. 1, p. 281-291, 2001.
REDE, Marcelo. Família e patrimônio fundiário: notas para o estudo da economia doméstica na antiga Mesopotâmia. História e Economia, Lisboa, v. 3, n. 1, p. 71-102, 2007a.
REDE, Marcelo. Família e patrimônio na antiga Mesopotâmia. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X, 2007b.
REDE, Marcelo. História a partir das coisas: tendências recentes nos estudos de cultura material. Anais do Museu Paulista, São Paulo, v. 4, n. 1, p. 265-282, 1996.
REDE, Marcelo. Materiality and History: some reflections. In: MAYNART, Érika; VELLOZA, Carolina; LEMOS, Rennan (eds.). Perspectives on materiality in ancient Egypt: agency, cultural reproduction and change. Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing, 2018. p. 74-86.
REID, Donald Malcolm. Contesting antiquity in Egypt: archaeologies, museums, and the struggle for identities from World War I to Nasser. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2016.
REID, Donald Malcolm. Indigenous Egyptology: the decolonization of a profession? Journal of the American Oriental Society, New Haven, v. 105, n. 2, p. 233-246, 1985.
REID, Donald Malcolm. Whose pharaohs? Archaeology, museums and Egyptian national identity from Napoleon to World War I. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
RICHARDS, Janet. Society and death in Ancient Egypt: mortuary landscapes of the Middle Kingdom. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2009.
RICHARDSON, Seth. Mesopotamian political History: the perversities. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, Bellingham, v. 1, n. 1, p. 61-93, 2014. Doi: <https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2013-0005>.
RIGGS, Christina. Ancient Egypt in the museum: concepts and constructions. In: LLOYD, Alan B. (ed.). A companion to ancient Egypt: volume I. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. p. 1129-1153.
ROBB, John. Material time. In: GASKELL, Ivan; CARTER, Sarah Anne (eds.). The Oxford handbook of History and material culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. p. 124-139.
ROBB, John. What do things want? object design as a middle range theory of material culture. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, Arlington, v. 26, p. 166-180, 2015. Doi: <https://doi.org/10.1111/apaa.12069>.
ROSENVASSER, Abraham. A new duplicate text of the Story of Sinuhe. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, London, v. 20, n. 1/2, p. 47-50, 1934.
ROSENVASSER, Abraham. Las piezas egipcias del Museo Etnográfico de Buenos Aires (Primera parte). Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Buenos Aires, v. 1, p. 4-57, 1972.
SAID, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon, 1978.
SALEM, Leila. El orientalismo en tensión: lecturas sobre Egipto en los relatos de viaje a finales del siglo XIX en Argentina. Revista de Historia Americana y Argentina, Mendoza, v. 53, p. 39-81, 2018.
SCHÁVELZON, Daniel. The South American connection Gaston Maspero, Egyptology and Americanist Archaeology at Montevideo (Uruguay), 1868. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, London, v. 14, n. 1, p. 15-24, 2004. Doi: <http://doi.org/10.5334/bha.14103>.
SMITH, Stuart Tyson. Askut in Nubia: the economics and ideology of Egyptian imperialism in the second millennium BC. London: Kegan Paul International, 1995.
SMITH, Stuart Tyson. Wretched Kush: ethnic identities and boundries in Egypt’s Nubian Empire. New York: Routledge, 2003.
SCHMITZ, Thomas A. Ex Africa lux? Black Athena and the debate about Afrocentrism in the US. Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft, v. 2, p. 17-76, 1999.
SPIVAK, Gayatri Chakravorty. Can the subaltern speak? In: NELSON, Cary; GROSSBERG, Lawrence (eds.). Marxism and the interpretation of culture. London: Macmillan, 1988. p. 271-313.
STARKEY, Paul; STARKEY, Janet (eds.). Travellers in Egypt. London: I. B. Tauris, 1998.
STEVENSON, Alice. Egyptian Archaeology and the museum. In: GODSEN, Chris (ed.). Oxford handbooks online. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. p. 1-15.
STEVENSON, Alice. Scattered finds: Archaeology, Egyptology and museums. London: UCL Press, 2019.
TATOMIR, Renata. Egyptomania in antiquity and modern world literature: imaginary, intercultural context and mentality. Discourse as a Form of Multiculturalism in Literature and Communication, Tîrgu-Mures, v. 3, p. 566-581, 2015.
THOMPSON, Jason. Wonderful things: a History of Egyptology: 1: from antiquity to 1881. Cairo: American University in Cairo, 2015.
THOMPSON, Jason. Wonderful things: a History of Egyptology: 2: the Golden Age: 1881-1914. Cairo: American University in Cairo, 2016.
THOMPSON, Jason. Wonderful things: a History of Egyptology: 3: from 1914 to the twenty-first century. Cairo: American University in Cairo, 2018.
UCKO, Peter; CHAMPION, Timothy (eds.). Wisdom of ancient Egypt: changing visions through the ages. London: University College London Press, 2003.
VAN DE MIEROOP, Marc. Cuneiform texts and the writing of History. London: Routledge, 1999.
VERDEVOYE, Paul. Viajes por Francia y Argelia. In: SARMIENTO, Domingo Faustino. Viajes por Europa, África y América (1845-1847) y diario de gastos. Buenos Aires: Colección Archivos, 1993. p. 639-715.
VIDAL, Jordi. Reflexiones historiográficas sobre el orientalismo antiguo. In: DA RIVA, Rocío; VIDAL, Jordi (eds.). Descubriendo el antiguo Oriente: pioneros y arqueólogos de Mesopotamia y Egipto a fines del s. XIX y principios del s. XX. Barcelona: Bellaterra, 2015. p. 25-36.
VITA, Juan Pablo. La asiriología según los asiriólogos. Cadmo, Lisboa, v. 22, p. 9-18, 2012.
WESTENHOLZ, Aage. Does Assyriology have a future? Kaskal, Firenze, v. 3, p. 275-283, 2006.
WILSON, John Albert. Signs and wonders upon Pharaoh: a History of American Egyptology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.
WOLF, Eric. Europe and the people without History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.
WORTHAM, John David. British Egyptology, 1549-1906. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1971.
ZINGARELLI, Andrea. Asiatic mode of production: considerations on ancient Egypt. In: GRACA, Laura da; ZINGARELLI, Andrea (eds.). Studies on pre-capitalist modes of production. Leiden: Brill, 2015. p. 27-76.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Leila Salem, Rodrigo Cabrera
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
