Disease characterization in cloned foals in Colombia, the effect of placental pathologies on the success and survival of cloned foalsfrom two different cell lines

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2024.211804

Keywords:

Clones, Morbidity, Placentitis, Mares, Mortality

Abstract

Cloned foals born in the different cloning programs in the USA, Argentina, and recently in Colombia have experienced several pathological entities during their pregnancy and neonatal period. These entities include abortions, stillbirths, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, large umbilical remanent, and angular deformity on the fore limb. The objectives of this study were to determine whether cloned foals suffer similar diseases and have the same mortality rate as noncloned ones and the differences between cloned foals from two different cell lines (fibroblastic and bone marrow cells) and, to establish whether mares carrying cloned foals from different cell lines have ultrasonographic, paraclinical, and hormonal profile parameters equal to traditional pregnancies and to determine whether there are differences between the cloned foals from the two different cell lines. In the analysis of the continuous variables, significant mean differences were established in the three groups of mares in PCV, hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, MCV, MCH, serum proteins and globulins, and in lymphocyte counts p<0.05. A risk analysis was made for morbidity and mortality associated with the cell origin of the clone and its pregnancy using chi-square sequential tests and logistic regression, and it was considered statistically significant at p< 0.05. A principal component analysis of the paraclinical findings of the mares with the outcome of the foal and the paraclinical parameters of the foals divided by the origin of gestation was performed to evaluate the components of the response variable and their dynamics. Thirty-four pregnancies of clones of fibroblastic origin, 26 of clones of bone marrow origin, and 32 of non-clones were studied. The presentation of placental diseases compatible with placentitis was significantly more frequent (p= 0.026) in mares with cloned foals from fibroblastic cell lines. Neonatal sepsis was determined to be the most frequent disease and was diagnosed more commonly in foals of fibroblastic cell origin—an increase in the risk (OR 37) (p=0.0006). The risk of death was positive and significant with the fibroblast cell line foals (OR: 9.1. P<0.01) compared to the cloned foals of marrow cell origin and non-cloned foals. The risk of death can be predicted in the neonatal period, and some indicators found in this study, such as signs related to placentitis, are associated with increased neonatal mortality and are more frequent in foals of fibroblastic cell origin. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adams-Brendemuehl C, Pipers FS. Antepartum evaluations of the equine fetus. J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 1987;35:565-73. PMid:3316646.

Brewer BD, Koterba A, Carter R, Rowe ED. Comparison of empirically developed sepsis score with a computer generated and weighted scoring system for the identification of sepsis in the equine neonate. Equine Vet J. 1988;20(1):23-4. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.20423306.1988.tb01446.x. PMid:3284743.

Bucca S, Fogarty U, Collins A, Small V. Assessment of feto-placental well-being in the mare from mid-gestation to term: transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic features. Theriogenology. 2005;64(3):542-57. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.011. PMid:15993936.

Canisso I, Ball BA, Erol E, Squires EL, Troedsson MH. Comprehensive review on equine placentitis. In: Proceedings of the 61st Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners; 2015 Dec 5-9; Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Lexington: AAEP; 2015. p. 490-509.

Corley KTT, Donaldson LL, Furr MO. Arterial lactate concentration, hospital survival, sepsis and SIRS in critically ill neonatal foals. Equine Vet J. 2005;37(1):53-9. http://doi.org/10.2746/0425164054406856. PMid:15651735.

Curcio BR, Nogueira CEW, Pazinato FM, Borba LA, Feijo LS, Scalco R, Canisso IF. Plasma estradiol-17b concentrations in mares treated for experimentally induced ascending placentitis. J Equine Vet Sci. 2018;66:243. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.130.

Dembek K, Timko K, Moore C, Johnson L, Frazer M, Barr B, Toribio R. Longitudinal assessment of adrenocortical steroid and steroid precursor response to illness in hospitalized foals. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2023;82:106764. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106764. PMid:36162341.

Douglas RH. Endocrine diagnostics in the broodmare: what you need to know about progestins and estrogens. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting for the Society for Theriogenology and American College of Theriogenologists; 2004 Aug 4-7, Lexington, KY. Providence: ACT; 2004. p. 106-15.

Franco Ayala MS, Oliver Espinosa OJ. Estudio de la morbilidad, mortalidad y de enfermedades en potros de caballo criollo colombiano durante los 30 primeros días de vida en la sabana de Bogotá. Rev Med Vet. 2015;(30), 67-82.

Giguère S, Polkes AC. Immunologic disorders in neonatal foals. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2005;21(2):241-72. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2005.04.004. PMid:16051049.

Hashizume K, Ishiwata H, Kizaki K, Yamada O, Takahashi T, Imai K, Patel OV, Akagi S, Shimizu M, Takahashi S, Katsuma S, Shiojima S, Hirasawa A, Tsujimoto G, Todoroki J, Izaike Y. Implantation and placental development in somatic cell clone recipient cows. Cloning Stem Cells. 2002;4(3):197-209. http://doi.org/10.1089/15362300260339485. PMid:12398801.

Hendriks WK, Colenbrander B, van der Weijden GC, Stout TA. Maternal age and parity influence ultrasonographic measurements of fetal growth in Dutch Warmblood mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2009;115(1-4):110-23. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.12.014. PMid:19157730.

Hill JR, Roussel AJ, Cibelli JB. Clinical and pathologic features of cloned transgenic calves and fetuses (13 case studies). Theriogenology. 1999;51:1451–1465.

Hill JR, Schlafer DH, Fisher PJ, Davies CJ. Abnormal expression of trophoblast major histocompatibility complex class i antigens in cloned bovine pregnancies is associated with a pronounce endometrial lymphocytic response. Biol Reprod. 2002;67(1):55-63. http://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod67.1.55. PMid:12079999.

Hofsaess FR. Time of antibody absorption in neonatal foals. J Equine Vet Sci. 2001;21(4):158-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/ S0737-0806(01)70119-0.

Johnson AK, Hinrichs K. Neonatal care and management of foals derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1330:189-201. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2848-4_16. PMid:26621599.

Johnson AK, Clark-Price SC, Choi Y-H, Hartman DL, Hinrichs K. Physical and clinicopathologic findings in foals derived by use of somatic cell nuclear transfer: 14 cases (2004-2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010;236(9):983-90. http://doi.org/10.2460/javma.236.9.983. PMid:20433399.

Katz L. Perinatal asphyxia syndromein a quarter horse foal. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2006;22(1):193-208. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2005.12.007. PMid:16627116.

Kohan-Ghadr HR, Lefebvre RC, Fecteau G, Smith LC, Murphy BD, Suzuki Junior J, Girard C, Hélie P. Ultrasonographic and histological characterization of the placenta of somatic nuclear transfer-derived pregnancies in dairy cattle. Theriogenology. 2008;69(2):218-30. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.09.028. PMid:17983647.

Koterba A, Brewer B, Tarplee F. Clinical and clinicopathological characteristics of the septicaemic neonatal foal: review of 38 cases. Equine Vet J. 1984;16(4):376-82. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01950.x. PMid:6479139.

Lagutina I, Lazzari G, Duchi R, Colleoni S, Ponderato N, Turini P, Crotti G, Galli C. Somatic cell nuclear transfer in horses: effect of oocyte morphology, embryo reconstruction method and donor cell type. Reproduction. 2005;130(4):559- 67. http://doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00772. PMid:16183874.

Lavan RP, Craychee T, Madigan JE. Practical method of umbilical ultrasonographic examination of One-week old foals: the procedure and the interpretation of Agecorrelated size ranges of umbilical structures. J Equine Vet Sci. 1997;17(2):96-101. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(97)80346-2.

Lester GD. Maturity of the neonatal foal. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2005;21(2):333-55. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2005.04.001. PMid:16051053.

MacKay RJ. Neurologic disorders of neonatal foals. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2005;21(2):387-406. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2005.04.006. PMid:16051055.

Magdesian G. Neonatal foal diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2005;21(2):295-312. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2005.04.009.

Meijer M, Macpherson ML, Dijkman R. How to use umbilical vessel water infusion to treat retained fetal membranes in mares. In: Proceedings of the 61st Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners; 2015 Dec 5-9; Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Lexington: AAEP; 2015. p. 478-84.

Müller V, Curcio BR, Toribio RE, Feijó LS, Borba LA, Canisso IF, Nogueira CE. Cortisol, progesterone, 17αOHprogesterone, and pregnenolone in foals born from mare’s hormonetreated for experimentally induced ascending placentitis. Theriogenology. 2019;123:139-44. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.06.024. PMid:30308389.

Olivera R, Moro LN, Jordan R, Luzzani C, Miriuka S, Radrizzani M, Donadeu X, Vichera G. In vitro and in vivo development of horse cloned embryos generated with iPSCs, mesenchymal stromal cells and fetal or adult fibroblasts as nuclear donors. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164049. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164049. PMid:27732616.

Olivera R, Moro LN, Jordan R, Luzzani C, Miriuka SG, Vichera G. 37 healthy foals produced using bone marrowmesenchymal stem cells as nuclear donors in horse cloning. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2018a;30(1):158. http://doi.org/10.1071/RDv30n1Ab37.

Olivera R, Moro LN, Jordan R, Pallarols N, Guglielminetti A, Luzzani C, Miriuka SG, Vichera G. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as nuclear donors improve viability and health of cloned horses. Stem Cells Cloning. 2018b;11:13-22. http://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S151763. PMid:29497320.

Palmieri C, Loi P, Ptak G, Della Salda L. Review paper: a review of the pathology of abnormal placentae of somatic cell nuclear transfer clone pregnancies in cattle, sheep, and mice. Vet Pathol. 2008;45(6):865-80. http://doi.org/10.1354/vp.45-6-865. PMid:18984789.

Panzani S, Comin A, Galeati G, Romano G, Villani M, Faustini M, Veronesi MC. How type of parturition and health status influence hormonal and metabolic profiles in newborn foals. Theriogenology. 2012;77(6):1167-77. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.023. PMid:22153270.

Pozor MA, Sheppard B, Hinrichs K, Kelleman AA, Macpherson ML, Runcan E, Choi YH, Diaw M, Mathews PM. Placental abnormalities in equine pregnancies generated by SCNT from one donor horse. Theriogenology. 2016;86(6):1573–1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/.theriogenology.2016.05.017.

Rapacz-Leonard A, Leonard M, Chmielewska-Krzesińska M, Paździor-Czapula T, Janowski T. Major histocompatibility complex class I in the horse (Equus caballus) placenta during pregnancy and parturition. Placenta. 2018;74(15):36-46. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2018.12.006

Rojas ER, Franco MS, Toro GJ. Memorias del I Simposio Latinoamericano de Reproducción Asistida en Equinos. Cordoba: Instituto de Reproduccion Animal Cordoba; 2019. p 69-80. Stoneham SJ. Repiratory distress in the neonatal foal. Equine Vet Educ. 1998;10(5):242-9. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1998.tb00886.x.

Toribio RE. Equine neonatal encephalopathy: facts, evidence, and opinions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2019;35(2):363-78. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2019.03.004. PMid:31088699.

Trumble TN. Orthopedic disorders in neonatal foals. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2005;21(2):357-85. Wilkins PA. Lower respiratory problems of the neonate. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2003;19(1):19-33, v. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(02)00064-0. PMid:12747659.

Wohlfender FD, Barrelet FE, Doherr MG, Straub R. Diseases in neonatal foals. Part 1: the 30 day incidence ofdisease and the effect of prophylactic antimicrobial drug treatment during the first three days post partum. Equine Vet J. 2009;41(2):179-85. http://doi.org/10.2746/042516408X345116. PMid:19418748.

Woods GL, White KL, Vanderwall DK, Li GP, Aston KI, Bunch TD, Meerdo LN, Pate BJ. A mule cloned from fetal cells by nuclear transfer. Science. 2003;301(5636):1063. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1086743. PMid:12775846.

Downloads

Published

2024-06-13

Issue

Section

FULL ARTICLE

How to Cite

1.
Ayala MSF, Espinosa OO. Disease characterization in cloned foals in Colombia, the effect of placental pathologies on the success and survival of cloned foalsfrom two different cell lines. Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. [Internet]. 2024 Jun. 13 [cited 2024 Dec. 7];61:e211804. Available from: https://revistas.usp.br/bjvras/article/view/211804