HISTORY, PERFECTIBILITY AND BECOMING IN VOLTAIRE AND ROUSSEAU – AMONG CIVILIZED AND SAVAGE SOCIETIES

Abstract

Two different approaches are privileged in this article: on one hand, an approach of Ilustração e História [Illustration and History] written by Maria das Graças de Souza understood as a guideline to approximate and problematize the modes of the conception of History from 'images about [...] American people' in Voltaire and Rousseau. On the other hand, an approach which the starting point is an unorthodox reading of Claude Lefort in As formas da história [The Forms of History] and Desafios da escrita política [Challenges of Political Writing] in the sense of problematizing History, according to certain modern conceptions, from the viewpoint of becoming-contemporary savage societies.