Cartografía del pensamiento crítico: principales aportaciones para repensar la educación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202551278119esPalavras-chave:
Pensamiento crítico, Historia de la filosofía, Práctica educativa, Investigación en educación, Corrientes intelectualesResumo
El pensamiento crítico es una herramienta esencial para la evaluación racional y ética de la información y las acciones. Por lo tanto, es un elemento clave para tomar decisiones informadas y participar en el diálogo y el debate democráticos. Aunque su importancia es ampliamente reconocida, existe una falta de consenso en cuanto a su definición y enfoque. Al mismo tiempo, la investigación sobre su historia y desarrollo filosófico es limitada. El objetivo del presente estudio es examinar la evolución histórico-filosófica del pensamiento crítico, rescatando sus principales aportaciones desde Sócrates hasta el Informe Delphi de Peter Facione. Con el fin de facilitar su estudio y comprensión, dicha evolución se ha dividido en las siguientes etapas: Edad Antigua, Edad Media, Renacimiento y Edad Moderna, y Edad Contemporánea. Tal división se basa en los hitos importantes y los cambios históricos que tuvieron lugar en cada una de las épocas. Los resultados muestran que el pensamiento crítico es un concepto que ha evolucionado a lo largo del tiempo y que ha sido influenciado por diferentes factores históricos, culturales y sociales. En particular, lo que en la actualidad entendemos por pensamiento crítico está altamente influenciado por el racionalismo, empirismo, positivismo y pragmatismo de la tradición occidental. Esta contribución es relevante a la hora de repensar la investigación y la praxis educativa, ya que permite una comprensión más profunda del pensamiento crítico y de su aplicación.
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