Dialética e o Método da Ética em Aristóteles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-9471.v12i1p129-172Keywords:
dialectics, method, endoxa, Aristotle, ethicsAbstract
Há várias décadas, tem tido grande aceitação a tese segundo a qual a dialética constitui o marco metodológico fundamental da filosofia prática de Aristóteles. Essa tese tem sido associada à muito discutida passagem metodológica de Ética Nicomaqueia VII 1, 1145b2-7. Com efeito, a leitura tradicional de tal passagem extrai dela um procedimento assentado sobre o exame de aporias obtidas a partir de um conjunto de endoxa ou “opiniões reputáveis”. Em virtude de estar integralmente voltado a endoxa e de seu caráter diaporemático, o procedimento assim compreendido pode ser associado à dialética que forma o foco dos Tópicos. Neste trabalho, pretendo examinar as limitações da interpretação tradicional e propor uma alternativa de leitura para a passagem metodológica de EN VII 1. Na leitura proposta, a passagem deixa de ter uma conexão fundamental com a dialética. Disso não se segue que procedimentos dialéticos não tenham qualquer papel no método da filosofia prática de Aristóteles. No entanto, na leitura proposta a passagem de EN VII 1 deixa de fornecer a base para a tese segundo a qual tal método é fundamentalmente de natureza dialética.
For the last decades, the thesis according to which dialectic provides the core methodological standard for Aristotle’s practical philosophy has had wide acceptance. This thesis has been associated to the much-discussed methodological passage of Nicomachean Ethics VII 1, 1145b2-7. As a matter of fact, the traditional reading of that passage finds in it a procedure that is based on the survey of aporiai that have been drawn from a set of endoxa or “reputable opinions”. As the procedure so understood is thoroughly focused on endoxa and in virtue of its diaporematic approach, it can be related to dialectic as it is discussed in the Topics. In this paper, I intend to address the limitations of the traditional interpretation and put forward an alternative reading for the methodological passage of Nicomachean Ethics VII 1. In the proposed reading, the passage does not have a tight connection with dialectic. From this it does not follow that dialectical procedures play no role in the method of Aristotle’s practical philosophy. However, in the proposed reading the passage of NE VII 1 no longer provides the basis for the thesis that such method is to be understood as being fundamentally dialectical in its nature.
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