Functional exercise capacity evaluation in an aquatic environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.590/1809-2950/13881622042015Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between distance achieved and compare the average speed while walking in the six-minute walk test (6MWT) performed on solid ground and in the three-minute walk test in water (3MWT-W) with healthy young individuals, as well as compare physiological (heart rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure) and symptomatic variables between tests. It is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 20 healthy young subjects. All patients underwent spirometry, answered a questionnaire on health and physical activity, in addition to performing the 6MWT and 3MWT-W. Statistical analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk test to evaluate normality of the data, the paired Student's t-test and Wilcoxon in the comparisons between the variables and the Pearson correlation coefficient to verify associations. Statistical significance of p < 0.05 was adopted. The mean age was 22 (±2) years, the mean BMI was 23 (±3) kg/m2 and all subjects had normal pulmonary function. The average distance achieved in the 6MWT was of 657 (±43) meters and in the 3MWT-W of 135 (±13) meters. A weak correlation between the 3MWT-W and 6MWT (r=0.35) was found. The speed during the tests showed a statistically significant difference (3MWT-W 0.75±0.07 versus 6MWT 1.85±9.1, p<0.0001). There was no difference in the initial and the final physiological variables between 3MWT-W and 6MWT. The 3MWT-W may be a good tool for evaluation and exercise prescription in the aquatic environment, but showed a weak correlation with the 6MWT and similar physiological strain, though further studies are suggested to confirm this finding.Downloads
References
Palange P, Ward SA, Carlsen KH, Casaburi R, Gallagher CG,
Gosselink R, et al. Recommendations on the use of exercise
testing in clinical practice. Eur Respir J. 2007;(29):185-209.
Morales-Blanhir JE, Vidal CDP, Romero MJR, Castro MMG,
Villergas AL, Zamboni M. Teste de caminhada de seis minutos:
uma ferramenta valiosa na avaliação do comprometimento
pulmonar. J Bras Pneumol. 2011;37(1):110-7.
Holland AE, Spruit MA, Troosters T, Puhan MA, Pepin V, Saey
D, et al. An official European Respiratory Society/American
Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in
chronic respiratory disease. Eur Resp J. 2014;44(6):1428-46.
Nici L, Donner C, Wouters E, ZuWallack R, Ambrosino N,
Bourbeau J, et al. American Thoracic Society/European
Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:1390-413.
Biasoli MC, Machado CMC. Hidroterapia: aplicabilidades
clínicas. Rev Bras Med. 2006;63(5):225-37.
Abdalla TCR, Prudente COM, Ribeiro MFM, Souza JS.
Análise da evolução do equilíbrio em pé de crianças
com paralisia cerebral submetidas à reabilitação virtual,
terapia aquática e fisioterapia tradicional. Rev Mov.
;3(4):181-9.
Suomi R, Collier D. Effects of arthritis exercise programs
on functional fitness and perceived activities of daily living
measures in older adults with arthritis. Arch Phys Med
Rehabil. 2003;84(11):1589-94.
Chu KS, Rhodes EC. Physiological and cardiovascular
changes associated with deep water running in the
young. Possible implications for the elderly. Sports Med
;31:33-46.
Biasoli MC, Machado CMC. Hidroterapia: técnicas e
aplicabilidades nas disfunções reumatológicas. Temas
Reumatol Clín. 2006;7(3):78-87.
Perk J, Perk L, Bodén C. Cardiorespiratory adaptation of
COPD patients to physical training on land and in water. Eur
Respir J. 1996;9:248-52.
Cider A, Schaufelberger M, Sunnerhagen KS, Andersson B.
Hydrotherapy: a new approach to improve function in the
older patient with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail.
;5(4):527-35.
Willen C, Sunnerhagen KS, Grimby G. Dynamic water
exercise in individuals with late poliomyelitis. Arch Phys Med
Rehabil. 2001;82(1):66-72.
Mannerkorpi K, Nyberg B, Ahlmen M, Ekdahl C. Pool exercise
combined with an education program for patients with
fibromyalgia syndrome. A prospective, randomized study. J
Rheumatol. 2000;27(10):2473-81.
Chu KS, Rhodes EC. Physiological and cardiovascular
changes associated with deep water running in the
young. Possible implications for the elderly. Sports Med.
;31(1):33-46.
Alberton CL, Cadore EL, Pinto SS, Tartaruga MP, Silva EM,
Kruel LFM. Cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and kinematic
responses to stationary running performed in water and on
dry land. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(6):1157-66.
Barela AMF, Duarte M. Biomechanical characteristics
of elderly individuals walking on land and in water. J
Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2008;18:446-54.
Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R,
Coates A, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J.
;26(2):319-38.
Pereira CAC, Sato T, Rodrigues SC. Novos valores
de referência para espirometria forçada em
brasileiros adultos de raça branca. J Bras Pneumol.
;33(4):397-406.
Matsudo SM, Araújo TL, Matsudo VKR, Andrade DR, Andrade
EL, Oliveira LC, et al. Questionário Internacional de Atividade
Física (IPAQ): estudo de validade e reprodutibilidade no
Brasil. Rev Bras Ativ Saúde. 2001;10:5-18.
Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med
Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377-81.
Britto RR, Probst VS, Andrade AFD, Samora GAR, Hernandes
NA, Marinho PEM, et al. Reference equations for the sixminute walk distance based on a Brazilian multicenter
study. Braz J Phys Ter. 2013;17(6):556-63.
Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, Mustala O. The effects of training
on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn.
;35(3):307-15.
Iriberri M, Gáldiz JB, Gorostiza A, Ansola P, Jaca C.
Comparison of the distances covered during 3 and 6 min
walking test. Respir Med. 2002;96:812-6.
Matsudo SMN, Araújo VKR, Andrade DR, Valquer W. Nível
de atividade física em crianças de diferentes regiões de
desenvolvimento. Rev Bras Ativ Fís Saúde. 1998;3(4):14-25.
Mechelen WV, Twisk JWR, Post GB, Snel J, Kemper
HCG. Physical activity of young people: the Amsterdam
Longitudinal Growth and Health Study. Med Sci Sports
Exerc. 2000;32(9):1610-6.
Prince SA, Adamo KB, Hamel ME, Hardt J, Connor Gorber
S, Tremblay M. A comparison of direct versus self-report
measures for assessing physical activity in adults: a
systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008;5:56.
Zaccagni L, Barbieri D, Gualdi-Russo E. Body composition
and physical activity in Italian university students. J Transl
Med. 2014;12:120.
Barela AMF, Stolf SF, Duarte M. Biomechanical
characteristics of adults walking in shallow water and on
land. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2006;16:250-6.
Silva EM, Kruel LFM. Caminhada em ambiente aquático e
terrestre: revisão de literatura sobre a comparação das
respostas neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórias. Rev Bras
Med Esporte. 2008;14(6):553-6.
Ribas DIR, Israel VL, Manfra EF, Araújo CC. Estudo
comparativo dos parâmetros angulares da marcha
humana em ambiente aquático e terrestre em indivíduos
hígidos adultos jovens. Rev Bras Med Esporte.
;13(6):371-5.
Duarte M. Princípios físicos da interação entre ser humano
e ambiente aquático [monografia na Internet]. São Paulo:
USP; 2004 [acesso em 2015 abril 15]. Disponível em: http://
demotu.org/pubs/agua2004.pdf
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz N, Redón J, Zanchetti
A, Böhm M, et al. ESH/ESC. Guidelines for the
management of arterial hypertension. J Hipertens.
;31(7):1281-357.
Fujishima K, Shimizu T. Body temperature, oxygen
uptake and heart rate during walking in water and
on land at an exercise intensity based on RPE in
elderly men. J Phisiol Anthrophol Appl Human Sci.
;22(2):83-8.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Fisioterapia e Pesquisa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
