Reference equations for predicting of handgrip strength in Brazilian middle-aged and elderly subjects

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate normal values of dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) upper limb handgrip strength (HGS) in asymptomatic middle-aged elderly subjects and to establish reference equations for predicting HGS. Fifty-four volunteers (51.9% men) aged >;50 years old were enrolled. Weight, height, and both arms circumference were measured, being the body mass index calculated. Mechanical dynamometry was used to measure D-HGS and ND-HGS. Self-reported level of regular physical activity was assessed by Baecke questionnaire. D-HGS was higher than ND-HGS for both sexes and in all age groups (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found between HGS and age, height, weight, and arm circumferences. The best reference equations were the following: D-HGSkgf=39.996 - (0.382 x age years)+(0.174 x weight kg)+(13.628 x sex men=1;women=0) (Adjusted R²=0.677); and ND-HGSkgf=44.968 - (0.420 x age years)+(0.110 x weight kg)+(9.274 x sex men=1; women=0) (Adjusted R²=0.546). The consistent difference found between dominant and non-dominant HGS requires the use of specific normative data for each hand. Hence easily-obtained attributes such as age, height, weight, arm circumference and sex can predict HGS expected values for asymptomatic elder adults.