Effectiveness of physical therapy for vaginismus: a literature review

Abstract

Vaginismus is an involuntary contraction of the vaginal muscles which makes sexual intercourse difficult or impossible - hence interfering in personal and marital relationships - for which physical therapy strategies have been proposed. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for vaginismus. Clinical trials in which participants were diagnosed with vaginismus were searched for in Scielo and Pubmed databases between 1998 and 2009. Exclusion criteria were: review and transversal studies; studies where patients presented signs and symptoms of vaginismus resulting from other diseases; and studies in which the interventions proposed can't be carried out by physical therapists. Only three studies were found, in which the following therapies were used: Master & Johnson's; sexual cognitive-behavioural therapy plus functional electrical stimulation-biofeedback; and desensitization by silicone dilators. All three studies were evaluated as having poor methodological quality and did not provide consistent evidence for clinical interventions in vaginismus. Due to the scarcity of studies found, no metanalysis was done, only a critical review. No consistent evidence could thus be found on satisfactory clinical physical therapies for vaginismus. Further randomized clinical trials, of high quality, are needed to assess the effectiveness of the treatments proposed.