Influence of a submaximal and maximal aerobic exercise session on mucociliary clearance and autonomic function in smokers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/20003627032020Keywords:
Mucociliary Clearance, Autonomic Nervous System, SmokingAbstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and to correlate the behavior of mucociliary clearance and the autonomic nervous system of smokers after submaximal and maximal aerobic exercise sessions. We evaluated 25 smokers and 15 nonsmokers aged between 30 and 50 years. Both groups were submitted to the saccharin transit time (STT) test and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after a submaximal (six-minute walk test) and maximal (cardiopulmonary test) exercise. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon were used for intragroup analysis and the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney for intergroup analysis. The correlation was performed using Pearson or Spearman coefficients (p<0.05). Saccharine transit time reduced significantly after submaximal and maximal exercises in both groups. After the submaximal exercise, both groups presented significant reduction of the RR interval and increased heart rate (HR). In the nonsmoker group there were significant reductions in the RMSSD, HFms² and SD1 indexes. After maximal exercise, both groups showed significant reductions in SDNN, RMSSD, RR, LF and HF interval, in ms² and normalized units, SD1 and SD2, in addition to the increase in HR, LFun, and LF/HF ratio. STT positively correlated with LFms² (r = 0.520, p = 0.008) after the maximal exercise for the smoker group. We concluded, that regardless of the intensity of aerobic exercise, mucociliary clearance increases in smokers, but this alteration seems to be influenced by the autonomic nervous system only during maximum exercise.
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References
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Ito JT, et al. Influence of smoking consumption and nicotine
dependence degree in cardiac autonomic modulation. Arq
Bras Cardiol. 2016;106(6):510-18. doi: 10.5935/abc.20160063
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and nonsmokers. Rev Port Pneumol. 2012;18(5):233-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2012.03.003
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SRNT Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification. Biochemical
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Coates A, et al. Standardization of spirometry. Eur Respir J.
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Duarte AA, Pereira CAC, Rodrigues SC. Validation of new
Brazilian predicted values for forced spirometry in Caucasians
and comparison 1. Santos APS, Ramos D, Oliveira GM, Santos AAS, Freire APCF,
Ito JT, et al. Influence of smoking consumption and nicotine
dependence degree in cardiac autonomic modulation. Arq
Bras Cardiol. 2016;106(6):510-18. doi: 10.5935/abc.20160063
Proença MGL, Xavier RF, Ramos D, Cavalheri V, Ramos
EMC. Immediate and short term effects of smoking on
nasal mucociliary clearance in smokers. Rev Port Pneumol.
;17(4):172-6. doi: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2010.12.001
Xavier RF, Ramos D, Ito JT, Rodrigues FMM, Bertolini GN,
Macchione M, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking intensity
on the mucociliary clearance of active smokers. Respiration.
;86(6):479-85. doi: 10.1159/000348398
Manzano BM, Vanderlei LCM, Ramos EM, Ramos D. Efeitos
agudos do tabagismo sobre a modulação autonômica:
análise por meio do plot de Poincaré. Arq Bras Cardiol.
;96(2):154-60. doi: 10.1590/S0066-782X2011005000013
Leopold PL, O’Mahony MJ, Lian XJ, Tilley AE, Harvey BG,
Cristal RG. Smoking is associated with shortened airway cilia.
PLoS One. 2009;4(12):e8157. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008157
Santos UP. Relevância da anamnese e de biomarcadores na
avaliação do tabagismo entre os pacientes com doença das
vias aéreas. J Bras Pneumol. 2015;41(2):105-6. doi: 10.1590/
S1806-37132015000200001
Ramos EMC, Toledo AC, Xavier RF, Fosco LC, Vieira, RP, Ramos D,
et al. Reversibility of impaired nasal mucociliary clearance in
smokers following a smoking cessation programme. Respirology.
;16(5):849-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01985.x
Proença M, Pitta F, Kovelis D, Mantoani LC, Furlanetto KC,
Zabatiero J, et al. Mucociliary clearance and its relation with
the level of physical activity in daily life in healthy smokers
and nonsmokers. Rev Port Pneumol. 2012;18(5):233-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2012.03.003
Droguett VSL, Santos AC, Medeiros CE, Marques DP, Nascimento
LS, Brasileiro-Santos MS. Cardiac autonomic modulation in
healthy elderly after different intensities of dynamic exercise.
Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:203-8. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S62346
Woff RK, Dolovick MB, Obminsk G, Newhouse MT. Effects
of exercise and eucapnic hyperventilation on bronchial
clearance in man. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol.
;43(1):46-50. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1977.43.1.46
Saketkhoo K, Kaplan I, Sackner MA. Effect of exercise on nasal
mucous velocity and nasal airflow resistance in normal subjects.
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1979;46(2):369-71.
doi: 10.1152/jappl.1979.46.2.369
Meneses-Gaya IC, Zuardi AW, Loureiro SR, Crippa JAS. As
propriedades psicométricas do teste de fagerström para
dependência de nicotina. J Bras Pneumol. 2009;35(1):73-82.
doi: 10.1590/S1806-37132009000100011
SRNT Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification. Biochemical
verification of tobacco use and cessation. Nicotine Tob Res.
;4(2):149-59. doi: 10.1080/14622200210123581
Chatkin J, Fritscher L, Abreu C, Cavalet-Blanco D, Chatkin G,
Wagner M, et al. Exhaled carbon monoxide as a marker for
evaluating smoking abstinence in a Brazilian population sample.
Prim Care Respir J. 2007;16(1):36-40. doi: 10.3132/pcrj.2007.00008
Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R,
Coates A, et al. Standardization of spirometry. Eur Respir J.
;26(2):319-38. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00034805
Duarte AA, Pereira CAC, Rodrigues SC. Validation of new
Brazilian predicted values for forced spirometry in Caucasians
and comparison with predicted values obtained using otherwith predicted values obtained using other
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Copyright (c) 2020 Iara Buriola Trevisan, Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei, Renata Marques David, Caroline Pereira Santos, Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos, Dionei Ramos
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