Toy physical therapy and dog-assisted therapy in infants: observational study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/21024329022022PTKeywords:
Child Development, Physical Therapy Specialty, Animal Assisted TherapyAbstract
This study aimed to compare toy-assisted physical therapy versus dog-assisted therapy in the neuromotor development of 4-month-old infants with and without neuromotor disorders. Qualitative descriptive observational research was conducted. Ten infants were included, evaluated using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), and divided into Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2), which were subdivided into toy (TG1 and TG2) and dog (DG1 and DG2) groups for biweekly interventions. The Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development – Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) was chosen to assess the opportunities present in the home environment. Qualitative data were analyzed using photos and recordings. The presence of a dog in the DG1 and DG2 groups resulted in a relaxed and fun environment, infants’ interest in touching the animal’s fur, alternating limb movements, eye contact, presence of sound production, increased social interaction, and feeling of security. In the TG1 and TG2 groups, motivation was reduced, with no infant sound production, eye contact and an interest in touch occurred only with toys of different colors and sounds. There was little agitation and motivation for motor skills in the TG1 and TG2 groups. It was possible to conclude that the presence of a dog promoted better motor, social, affective, and cognitive outcomes. Animal-assisted therapy can be an effective method to assist in conventional physical therapy for infants with delayed neuropsychomotor development.
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