Exactitud de las pruebas de movilidad para detectar riesgo de caídas en el deterioro cognitivo leve y en la enfermedad de Alzheimer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/18006726032019Palabras clave:
Caídas, Cognición, AncianoResumen
La identificación de los trastornos de marcha y del equilibrio en las primeras etapas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y del deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) puede reducir o prevenir las caídas en la población anciana. Estudio transversal que tiene como objetivo determinar qué pruebas de movilidad discriminan mejor el riesgo de caídas en los ancianos con DCL y EA leve. La movilidad funcional se evaluó mediante el timed up and go test (TUG) y la prueba de velocidad de marcha de 10 metros (10MWT). Se elaboró un calendario de caídas, con seguimiento vía contacto telefónico durante 6 meses. En el grupo DCL (n=38), el tiempo empleado en el 10MWT fue la mejor variable para discriminar las caídas, con un puntaje de corte de 10,69 segundos asociado a una mayor precisión (76,3%). En el grupo de EA (n=37), la cadencia de 10MWT fue la mejor variable para discriminar las caídas, con un puntaje de corte de 101,39 pasos por minuto asociada a una precisión del 81,1%. Se concluye que el tiempo y la cadencia de 10MWT fueron las variables más precisas para detectar el riesgo de caídas en los ancianos con DCL y EA leve, respectivamente. El 10MWT es una prueba funcional, simple y fácil, y se puede utilizarla ampliamente en la práctica clínica.
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