Entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios en personas con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC): una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/e21028823ptPalabras clave:
Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica, Ejercicios Respiratorios, Tolerancia al Ejercicio, Disnea, Fuerza MuscularResumen
El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue evaluar
la efectividad del entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio (EMI) en
personas con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC),
analizando los efectos del EMI en la fuerza y resistencia muscular
inspiratoria, en la tolerancia al ejercicio y en la reducción de la
disnea. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de
datos PubMed, Cochrane y LILACS, en el período de agosto de
2021 a febrero de 2023, en los estudios publicados desde 2016.
Los descriptores utilizados en la búsqueda siguieron la descripción
de los Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)/Descriptores en
Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS), a saber: “pulmonary disease,
chronic obstructive”, “breathing exercises”, “exercise tolerance”,
“dyspnea” y “muscle strength”, en los idiomas inglés y portugués,
y con los operadores booleanos “AND” y “OR”. Diez estudios
cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, en los cuales participaron
733 pacientes. En todos los estudios en análisis, se observó un
significativo incremento de la fuerza muscular inspiratoria y
de la resistencia en comparación con el grupo control. De los
10 estudios analizados, cuatro mostraron progreso en la reducción
de la disnea y en la tolerancia al ejercicio. Cabe destacar que
el entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio mostró ser eficaz en la
mejora de la disnea, en la tolerancia al ejercicio y en el aumento
de la fuerza y la resistencia muscular inspiratoria en personas
con EPOC de moderada a grave
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Derechos de autor 2023 Jennyfer Correa Mota, Marcilene Rodrigues dos Santos, Luane Rodrigues de Sousa, Patrick Roberto Gomes Abdoral, Larissa Siqueira Rodrigues Abdoral, Cláudia Jeane Claudino de Pontes Miranda
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
