Desarrollo y validación del cuestionario de conocimiento sobre apnea obstructiva del sueño para fisioterapeutas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/Palabras clave:
Conocimiento, Actitudes y Prácticas en Salud, Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño, FisioterapiaResumen
La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es un trastorno
respiratorio del sueño altamente prevalente, y su tratamiento
implica un enfoque interdisciplinario, en el que el fisioterapeuta
desempeña un papel clave en el proceso de adaptación, de la
poligrafía y del monitoreo de pacientes que utilizan los dispositivos
de presión positiva continua en las vías respiratorias. Este estudio
desarrolló y validó un instrumento que evalúa los conocimientos
y las actitudes de los fisioterapeutas sobre la AOS. Se trata de
un estudio metodológico y multicéntrico realizado en las cinco
regiones brasileñas. Pasadas las etapas de construcción, validación
de contenidos y pretest, se aplicó electrónicamente a una muestra
de 150 fisioterapeutas el instrumento definido como OSAKQ-P
(Cuestionario de conocimientos sobre AOS para fisioterapeutas),
que estuvo constituido por 26 ítems de conocimiento y tres ítems
de actitudes. En el proceso de validación del instrumento se
analizaron las siguientes propiedades psicométricas: consistencia
interna, validez de contenido, validez de constructo y confiabilidad
test-retest. El OSAKQ-P presentó excelente consistencia interna
(α=0,84), excelente confiabilidad en el test de retest (ICC=0,90)
y fuerte correlación con el instrumento auxiliar (r=0,753, p<0,001),
lo que indicó una validez convergente. Además, detectó diferencias
entre los conocimientos en diferentes áreas de la Fisioterapia.
Los ítems de actitud mostraron baja consistencia interna (α=0,62),
pero fueron capaces de detectar diferencias en las actitudes
de los fisioterapeutas con experiencia clínica en AOS o sin ella.
El instrumento OSAKQ-P demostró ser válido y confiable para
evaluar el conocimiento de los fisioterapeutas sobre la AOS
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Derechos de autor 2024 Francisca Soraya Lima Silva, Karina Couto Furlanetto, Laura Maria Tomazi Neves, Graziella França Bernadelli Cipriano, Marilita Falângola Accioly, Aline Marques Franco, Thainá Bessa Alves, Sinara Mendes Campelo, Katryne Holanda Silva, Lohanne Carolina Martins Silva, Manoel Alves Sobreira-Neto, Camila Ferreira Leite
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
