Eficacia del fortalecimiento muscular en el posoperatorio tras artroplastia total de rodilla: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/Palabras clave:
Artroplastia Total de Rodilla, Ejercicio, Fisioterapia, Posoperatorio, RehabilitaciónResumen
La artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) es una intervención
quirúrgica que reemplaza la articulación afectada por una prótesis.
La fisioterapia es esencial en la rehabilitación después de la ATR,
pues se puede reducir los síntomas y mejorar la función de la rodilla.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos del fortalecimiento
muscular sobre la fuerza, la funcionalidad y el dolor de los individuos
con ATR en el posoperatorio temprano. Los estudios fueron
seleccionados de seis bases de datos (PubMed, PEDro, LILACS,
Embase, CINAHL y Cochrane Library), utilizando los términos y
palabras clave: Arthroplasties, Knee Replacement, Physiotherapy,
Exercise, Rehabilitation y Postoperative. Todos los estudios
incluidos se evaluaron para determinar la calidad metodológica
mediante el uso de la escala PEDro. Solo se incluyeron ensayos
clínicos aleatorizados que incluyeron ATR unilateral primaria en el
posoperatorio temprano. Todos los metaanálisis se realizaron
en el software Review Manager (RevMan) y se describieron
mediante la diferencia de media estandarizada (standardized
mean difference –SMD) con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%.
Se eligieron nueve estudios para análisis del texto completo.
Los principales hallazgos revelaron que el fortalecimiento muscular,
en comparación con las condiciones evaluadas, fue efectivo solo
para la variable de fuerza muscular, lo cual ocasionó mejora en
la función general (dos estudios, n=155; MD=-1,39, IC 95% [-2,58,
-0,19]; p=0,02; I²=96%). Para los otros análisis, no se observaron
diferencias significativas. Los hallazgos de este estudio revelaron
que el fortalecimiento muscular, cuando se inicia principalmente
en el período posoperatorio temprano de ATR, presenta una
mejor respuesta que las condiciones evaluadas en la fuerza
muscular de la rodill
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Derechos de autor 2025 Alany Gabrielli Leite
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
