Inteligencia artificial en el apoyo a la deconstrucción de edificios: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/gtp.v20i1.231590

Palabras clave:

IA, economía circular, fin de vida, TIC, BIM

Resumen

La deconstrucción de edificios puede fomentar la reutilización de materiales en nuevas construcciones, minimizando costos y reduciendo la degradación ambiental, mientras se apunta a una economía circular. Sin embargo, la implementación de este concepto aún enfrenta desafíos, como la necesidad de optimizar la clasificación de materiales para reducir el tiempo y los costos del proceso. En este sentido, la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) puede ayudar en el proceso de deconstrucción como una herramienta eficiente para mejorar los niveles de productividad y la gestión de recursos. Así, este estudio propone una revisión sistemática de la literatura para comprender cómo la combinación de la IA con metodologías digitales y herramientas tecnológicas puede superar las barreras encontradas en el proceso de deconstrucción de edificios, presentando una visión más práctica de esta integración. Se seleccionaron trece publicaciones que abarcan el período de 2022 a 2024 y emplean la metodología PRISMA. Estos estudios destacaron la relevancia del aprendizaje automático combinado con el Building Information Modeling (BIM) para abordar problemas en el campo de la deconstrucción, particularmente en la clasificación de materiales. Se identificaron y analizaron brechas específicas para proponer enfoques basados en IA que permita resolver cuestiones críticas en el proceso de deconstrucción, como la evaluación de la masa de los materiales.

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Biografía del autor/a

  • Carolina Mendonça de Freitas Mendes de Souza, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

    Arquiteta e Urbanista Mestranda no Programa de Engenharia Civil (PEC/COPPE/UFRJ)

  • Bárbara dos Santos Rezende, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

    Arquiteta e Urbanista Mestranda no Programa de Engenharia Civil (PEC/COPPE/UFRJ)

  • Alexandre Santana Cruz, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

    Engenheiro Civil Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura (PROARQ/FAU/UFRJ)

  • Lucas Rosse Caldas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

    Engenheiro Civil, Ambiental e Sanitarista Doutor em Engenharia Civil (PEC/COPPE/UFRJ). Professor no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura (PROARQ/FAU/UFRJ) e no Programa de Engenharia Civil (PEC/COPPE/UFRJ).

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Publicado

2025-09-05

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Vol. 20 Núm. 1 (2025): Edição Especial: Qualidade do Projeto & Número regular: 1o semestre de 2025

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Derechos de autor 2025 Carolina Mendonça de Freitas Mendes de Souza, Bárbara dos Santos Rezende, Alexandre Santana Cruz, Lucas Rosse Caldas

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SOUZA, Carolina Mendonça de Freitas Mendes de; REZENDE, Bárbara dos Santos; CRUZ, Alexandre Santana; CALDAS, Lucas Rosse. Inteligencia artificial en el apoyo a la deconstrucción de edificios: una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Gestão & Tecnologia de Projetos (Gestión y tecnología de proyectos), São Carlos, v. 20, n. 1, p. 21–47, 2025. DOI: 10.11606/gtp.v20i1.231590. Disponível em: https://revistas.usp.br/gestaodeprojetos/article/view/231590.. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2026.