Contribution of BIM-aided design to facilitate the life cycle assessment of whole buildings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/gtp.v13i2.142139Keywords:
BIM, LCA, Integration, Automatic Extraction, Process MappingAbstract
Combining sustainable design strategies and BIM can change traditional practices and efficiently lead to high-performance designs, however, this is still impaired by deficient software interoperability. Automatic extraction is one of the most cited ways that BIM models can support environmental analyses. Though the reviewed literature does not confirm validation of this procedure by life cycle assessment (LCA) experts, it presents incipient procedures to systematically increase the use of BIM for LCA. This article explores the contributions offered by BIM to facilitate and improve the LCA of whole buildings. Our study sought to verify the hypotheses that: (1) the quantitative automatic extraction of the bills of materials from BIM models with a level of development (LOD) 300 positively contributes to LCA processes (BIM+LCA); and (2) embedding environmental parameters and calculations within the model to extract calculated impacts (BIM4LCA) can significantly improve such contribution. We used the software Revit Architecture 2016 to model the architectural, structural, sanitary and HVAC elements. We analyzed the variations between the baseline (manually performed, based on design documents) and BIM-supported automatically extracted bill of materials, as well as the suitability of the used LOD for LCA. We also showed that BIM models can be prepared to facilitate LCA (BIM4LCA) through a low complexity, high effectiveness operational measure. This procedure can provide reasonably quick feedback to support decision-making and enhance the environmental performance of new building designs, until ‘extraction, transformation and loading’ (ETL) technologies or full interoperability become mainstream practice.
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