Visibility and occlusion simulation in conservation areas: comparative analysis of ArcGIS, CityEngine and Cityzoom software
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/gtp.v15i1.152820Keywords:
Occlusion, Visibility, Urban ambience, Historical CitiesAbstract
Adequate coexistence between new buildings and historic buildings usually favours historical heritage and help to reinforce the protagonist role of buildings with acknowledged plastic and cultural value. Often, urban regulations constraints originated in subjective interpretations of the urban environment do generate undesirable excesses thus reducing investments and freezing the development of existing social and economic networks. Computational tools and visualization technologies can nowadays be used to enhance the perception about the positive and negative visual interference of new buildings on historical sites and, if judiciously used, can contribute to the objective assessment of urban visual impacts. Computational models can be used to numerically and graphically describe occluded volumes and to "map" the interference of new buildings in preservation areas. Available technologies conventionally used for architectural design do not offer this mapping functionality but CIM (City Information Modelling) software do. This article compares the performance of CIM tools using elementary concepts of occlusion and visibility to measure visual impacts of urban scenarios. The comparison aims to differentiate functional characteristics of these tools to represent and measure spaces within and outside the visual reach of pedestrians. The work is divided into four parts. The first part describes the conceptual models of occlusion and visibility and their computational applications in three software chosen for comparative analysis: ArcGIS, CityEngine and Cityzoom. The second part presents the methods used by the three software for simulation and measurement of "occluded envelopes" in preservation areas. The methods are tested, in the third part, in a case study consisting of blocks located in the Historical District of the city of Pelotas, Brazil. The assessment revealed differences between data models: ArcGIS and CityEngine compute the visible parts of existing volumes while Cityzoom computes virtual occluded volumes. While the three analysed software contribute to the impact assessment of new buildings, Cityzoom enables the automatic modelling and measurement of virtual occluded volumes, thus offering the user a faster assessment than the two other software.
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