Migração de orógenos e superposição de orogêneses: um esboço da colagem brasiliana no Sul do Cráton do São Francisco, SE - Brasil

Abstract

The Meridional Tocantins Orogen represents a collision nappe pile involving three different tectonic environments. A magmatic arc domain developed in the Paranapanema continental active margin (Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe); a subducted continental domain (Andrelândia Terrane); and a passive margin domain and/or related to the Sanfranciscana plate (Carrancas and Lima Duarte Nappe systems). The magmatic activity related to the subduction started at 670 Ma and its metamorphism took place around 625Ma (active margin geothermal pattern modified in the subducted domain). The magmatic arc was active during flysch-type sedimentation in the Andrelândia terrane. Deformation and metamorphism related to the collisional process migrated from E to NE between 620 and 580 Ma. In the western internal nappe the tectonic process was very short-lived, less than 7 Ma, with some 612 Ma post-tectonic plutonism. On the other hand, in the eastern nappe the same process lasted ca. 20 Ma. Exhumation in the subducted terrane was very fast (ca. 2,2 mm/year). Superposed magmatic activities controlled by extensional regimes (Itu Granite Belt) followed orogen exhumation and preceded installation of continental-marine successor basins at 570 Ma. The Araçuaí Orogen produced by convergence between the eastern passive margin of the Sanfranciscana plate and the Juiz de Fora Terrane (a microplate in an active margin environment) exhibits a metamorphic peak in the internal domain at around 560 Ma. The migration of the Araçuaí nappes towards the cratonic domain (thermal metamorphic event ca. 530 Ma) reflects the superposition of the Mantiqueira Orogenic System. In the Cambrian the basement of the cratonic border was regenerated and included in the Araçuaí orogen which involved the foreland in a thin-skinned thrust system well documented in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero. Oblique collision between the Mantiqueira Orogenic system and the proto-continent formed during the Meridional Tocantins orogeny was responsible for greenschist metamorphism at about 550 Ma in the successor basins. After this, the collisional process migrated northwards until 500 Ma. In the southern part of the São Francisco Craton the Brasiliano orogenic collage represents the interaction of several short orogenic steps in a long, convergent tectonic process involving plate consumption with eastward polarity and westward orogenic migration that lasted until the Cambro-Ordovician limit. The latest documented pre-collage metamorphism observed in the cratonic basement occurred between 2.03 and 2.06 Ga, probably under extensional conditions.