Características geológicas e geoquímicas preliminares da rocha hospedeira do mineral safira da área de Chilla, centro de Tigrai, norte da Etiópia

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v24-210313

Palavras-chave:

Safira, Basalto alcalino, Rocha hospedeira, Aluvião

Resumo

Embora a Etiópia seja dotada de um cenário geológico adequado para abrigar variedades de pedras preciosas, ainda não foi bem investigada e explorada. No norte da Etiópia, estado regional de Tigrai, o mineral safira foi extraído por garimpeiros tradicionais e artesanais. Chilla, que fica a 35 km ao norte de Axum, é uma das atividades de mineração artesanal de safira praticada. Na Etiópia, particularmente na área de Chilla, não há nenhum estudo geológico e geoquímico sobre o mineral safirae suas rochas hospedeiras. Na área de Chilla, a maioria das safiras é encontrada em depósitos aluviais ou eluviais, tornando difícil estudar a relação entre as safiras e suas rochas hospedeiras. Aqui, apresentamos características geológicas preliminares do mineral safira dentro de basaltos alcalinos do terreno vulcânico terciário de Chilla. A investigação geológica e a análise geoquímica (XRF) indicam que o mineral safira está hospedado com basaltos alcalinos terciários e ocorreu no contato entre basalto alcalino e rochas graníticas intrusivas.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Referências

Asrat, A., Barbey, P., Gleizes, G. (2001). The Precambrian Geology of Ethiopia: A review. Africa Geoscience Review, 8(3), 271-288. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Asfawossen-Asrat/publication/313679396_The_Precambrian_geology_of_Ethiopia_A_review/links/5ef5afd7299bf18816e81e21/The-Precambrian-geology-of-Ethiopia-A-review.pdf. Accessed on: Nov 23, 2023.

Alene, M., Jeniken, G. R. T., Leng, M. J., Derbyshire, F. D. P. (2006). The Tambien Group, Ethiopia: An early Cryogenian (800 – 735 Ma) Neoproterozoic sequence in the Arabian – Nubian shield. Precambrian Research, 147(1-2). 79-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2006.02.002

Baldwin, L. C., Tomaschek, F., Ballhaus, C., Gerdes, A., Fonseca, R. O. C., Wirth, R., Geisler, T., Nagel, T. (2017). Petrogenesis of alkaline basalt‐hosted sapphire megacrysts. Petrological and geochemical investigations of in situ sapphire occurrences from the Siebengebirge Volcanic Field, Germany. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 172, 43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1362-0

Brownlow, A. H., Komorowski, J. C. (1988). Geology and origin of the Yogo sapphire deposit, Montana. Economic Geology, 83(4), 875-880. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.4.875

Cox, K. G., Bell, J. D., Pankhurst, R. J. (1979). The interpretation of igneous rocks. London: George Allen and Unwin, 449p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3373-1

Garnier, V., Ohnenstetter, D., Giuliani, G., Fallick, A. E., Phan Trong, T., Hoang Quang, V., Pham Van, L., Schwarz, D. (2005). Basalt petrology, zircon ages and sapphire genesis from DakNong, southern Vietnam. Mineralogical Magazine, 69(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1180/0026461056910233

Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Garnier, V., Fallick, A. E., Rakotondrazafy, A. F. M., Schwarz, D. (2007). The geology and genesis of gem corundum deposits. In: L.A. Groat, Ed., Geology of Gem Deposits, 1st ed., Yellowknife, Canada: Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series 37, pp. 23-78.

Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A. E., Groat, L. A., Fagan, A. J. (2014). The geology and genesis of gem corundum deposits. In: L.A. Groat, Ed., Geology of Gem Deposits, 2nd ed., Yellowknife, Canada: Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series 44, pp. 29-112. Available at: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/mac/books/edited-volume/2434/chapter-abstract/135801059. Accessed on: Aug 1, 2024.

Giuliani, G., Groat, A. (2019). Geology of corundum and emerald gem deposits. Gemological Institute of América Gems & Gemology, 55(4), 464-489. Available at: https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/winter-2019-geology-of-corundum-and-emerald-gem-deposits. Accessed on: Aug 16, 2023.

Guylaine, G. (1995). Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Geochronology of the Yogo Dike Sapphire deposit, Montana. Thesis (Master’s). Vancouver: University of British Colombia. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0052860

Hagos, M., Koeberl, C., Kabeto, K., Koller, F. (2010a). Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry of the Basaltic Rocks of the Axum Area, Northern Ethiopia. In: J. Ray, G. Sen, B. Ghosh (eds.) Topics in Igneous Petrology: A Tribute to Prof. Mihir K. Bose. Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9600-5_4

Hagos, M., Koeberl, C., Kabeto, K., Koller, F. (2010b). Geochemical characteristics of the alkaline basalts and the phonolite – trachyte plugs of the Axum area, northern Ethiopia. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, 103(2), 153-170. Available at: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207877493. Accessed on: Nov 23, 2023.

Irvine, T. N., Baragar, W. R. A. (1971). A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 8(5), 523-548. https://doi.org/10.1139/e71-055

Kazmin, V. (1971). Precambrian of Ethiopia. Nature Physical Science, 230, 176-177. https://doi.org/10.1038/physci230176a

Le Bas, M. L., Le Maitre, R. W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B. (1986). A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali – silica diagram. Journal of Petrology, 27(3), 745-750. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/27.3.745

Levinson, A. A., Cook, F. A. (1994). Gem corundum in alkali basalt: origin and occurrence. Gems & Gemology, 30(4), 253-262. Available at: https://www.gia.edu/doc/Gem-Corundum-in-Alkali-Basalt-Origin-and-Occurrence.pdf. Accessed on: Aug 16, 2023.

Merla, G., Abbate, E., Canuti, P., Sagri, M., Tacconi, P. (1973). Geological map of Ethiopia and Somalia, scale 1:2,000,000. Roma: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Available at: https://iucat.iu.edu/iue/12611711. Accessed on: Aug 1, 2024.

Miyashiro, A. (1974). Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins. American Journal of Science, 274(4), 321-355. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.274.4.321

Peccerillo, A., Taylor, S. R. (1976). Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 58, 63-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384745

Phillips, W. R., Griffen, D. T. (1981). Optical Mineralogy: The Non-opaque Minerals. SanFrancisco: W. H. Freeman and Company, 677 pages. https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1981.044.335.25

Simandl, G. J., Hancock, K. D. (1997). Sapphires/Rubies, Emeralds, and Precious Opal Deposit Models - Possible Applications to British Columbia, Canada. 99th Annual General Meeting of CIM, Abstract. CIM Bullettin, V. 90, p. 98.

Simonet, C., Okundi, S., Masai, P. (2002). General setting of colored gemstone deposits in the Mozambique Belt of Kenya Preliminary considerations. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251922357_General_setting_of_coloured_gemstone_deposits_in_the_Mozambique_Belt_of_Kenya_Preliminary_considerations. Accessed on: Aug 16, 2023.

Simonet, C., Fritsch, E., Lasnier, B. (2008). A classification of gem corundum deposits aimed towards gem exploration. Ore Geology Reviews, 34(1-2), 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.09.002

Sutherland, F. L., Hoskin, P. W. O., Fanning, C. M., Coenraads, R. R. (1998). Models of corundum origin from álcali basaltic terrains: a reappraisal. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 133, 356-372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050458

Sutherland, F. L., Schwarz, D. (2001). Origin of gem corundums from basaltic fields. Australian Gemologist, 21(1), 30-33.

Tadesse, A. (1998). Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic granitoids from the Axum area, northern Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 27(3/4), 437-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(98)00072-4

Tadesse, S. (2009). Mineral Resources Potential of Ethiopia. Addis Abeba University Press. ISBN 978-99944-52-14-9. 290 p.

Tadesse, T. (1997). The Geology of Axum area (ND 37-6): Memoir No.9. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Institute of Geological Survey, 147p.

Tadesse, T., Hoshino, M., Sawada, Y. (1999). Geochemistry of low-grade metavolcanic rocks from the Pan-African of the Axum area-Northern Ethiopia. Precambrean Research, 96(1-2), 101-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00008-X

Tarekegn, T., Mitsuo, H., Kazuhiro., S., Shigeru, I. (2000). Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr and Th-U-Pb zircon ages of syn- and post-tectonic granitoids from the Axum area of northern Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 30(2), 313-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(00)00022-1

Downloads

Publicado

2024-08-20

Edição

Seção

Artigos

Como Citar

Haftu, M., & Gidey, B. (2024). Características geológicas e geoquímicas preliminares da rocha hospedeira do mineral safira da área de Chilla, centro de Tigrai, norte da Etiópia. Geologia USP. Série Científica, 24(3), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v24-210313