Translating Lucy
An analysis of cinematic strategies to the empowerment of a female character in C. S. Lewis’ Chronicles of Narnia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9826.literartes.2020.168938Keywords:
Lucy Pevensie, The Chronicles of Narnia, Intersemiotic Translation, FeminismAbstract
Since the beginning of the cinema industry, literature has been influencing movies both in direct and indirect forms. Intersemiotic translation is the main tool on that process once it involves transferring meaning from a system of signs to another. It generally consists of the translation of written media into an audiovisual text (JACOBSON, 1969), taking into consideration all the different specifications and characteristics of each support. Under the perspective of Translation Studies, this article aims to reflect upon the intersemiotic translation of the character Lucy Pevensie, from the literary work “The Chronicles of Narnia: The lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe” to the cinematic narrative released in 2005, directed by Andrew Adamson and produced by Walden Media. For that, the presence of feminist aspects in both written and filmic depiction of the character are analyzed. The results show that being produced in different cultural moments, book and film bring different perspectives on feminism, as the film intends to update the literary work by recovering similar meanings though different narrative audiovisual strategies.
References
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SMELIK, Annek. Feminist Film Theory. In: COOK, Pam; BERNINK, Mieke (Eds.). The Cinema Book. 1999. London: British Film Institute. p. 491-501.
THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE LION, THE WITCH AND THE WARDROBE Direção: Andrew Adamson. Produção: Mark Johnson
Phillip Steuer.UK & USA: Walt Disney Pictures Walden Media, 2005, DVD (145 min), widescreen, color.
TIBURI, Marcia. Feminismo em comum: para todas, todas e todos. 6ª ed. – Rio de Janeiro: Rosa dos Tempos,2018.
TOWNS, Rachel. Turkish Delights and Sardines with Tea: Food as a Framework for Exploring Nationalism, Gender, and Religion in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. 2012.
WOOLF, Virginia. The Cinema. In: the Nation and Athaneaum. London. 1926.
ZETTEL, Sarah. Why I love Narnia: a liberal, feminist agnostic tell all. In: CAUGHY, Shanna. Revisting Narnia: fantasy, myth and religion in C. S. Lewis’ chronicles. Texas. Benbelle. 2005. p. 181-190.
ADICHIE, Chimamanda; tradução Christina Baum. Sejamos todos feministas. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2015.
BASSNETT, Susan. Estudos de Tradução. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS, 2005.
BAZIN, Andre. In defense of mixed cinema. In: GRAY, Hugh. What is Cinema? Berkley University of California Press, 1971,
BEAUVOIR, Simone; The Second Sex. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 1949.
BENJAMIN, Walter. On Language as Such and on Language of Man. In: One-Way Street and Other Writings. Translated by Edmund Jephcott and Kingsley Shorter. London: NBL, 1979.
BENJAMIN, Walter. On language as such and on the language of man. In: BULLOCK, Marcus; JENNINGS, Michael. Walter Benjamin: selected writings. Volume 1. 1913-1926. Cambridge University Press. 1992.
BERLATSKY, Noah. The Lion, the witch, and the wardrobe – and feminism? 2005. Available at <https://www.ravishly.com/2015/01/22/lion-witch-and-wardrobe-feminism-cs-lewis> Access: January, 2019.
BRUNELL, Laura. Feminism Re-Imagined: The Third Wave. Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
BRUNELLI, Laura; BURKETT, Elinos. Feminism. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2002. Available at < https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism> Access: August 2019.
CAMPBELL, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. 1st edition, Bollingen Foundation, 1949.
CATFORD, J. C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. 1965.
DELMAR, Rosalind. What is Feminism? New York: Pantheon Books. 1986.
DINIZ, T. F. N. A tradução intersemiótica e o conceito de equivalência. In: Revista Brasileira de Literatura Comparada - ABRALIC, São Paulo, v. 2, p. 1001 - 1004, maio 1994.
DOWNING, David C. Into the Wardrobe: C. S. Lewis and the Narnia Chronicles. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 2005.
EVANS, Elizabeth. The Politics of Third Wave Feminisms: Neoliberalism, Intersectionality, and the State in Britain and the US. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2015.
EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar. Papers in historical poetics. University Publishing Projecs. 1978.
FRIEDAN, Betty. The Feminine Mystique. New York: Norton. 1963.
GENTZLER, Edwin. Teorias Contemporâneas da Tradução. 2. Ed. Ver. – São Paulo: Madras, 2009.
GILBERT, Adrian. The Blitz. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2018. Availlable at: <https://www.britannica.com/event/the-Blitz> Access: 19.08.2019.
GILLIS, Stacy; HOWIE, Gillian; MUNFORD, Rebecca. Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration. Palgrave Macmillan. 2004.
GRAHAM, Jean E. Women, Sex, and Power: Circe and Lilith in Narnia. Children's Literature Association Quarterly. vol. 29 no. 1, 2004, p. 32-44. Available at <https://muse.jhu.edu/article/247533> Access: nov.2019.
HILDER, Monika B. Feminine ethos in C. S. Lewis Chronicles of Narnia. In: Studies in Twentieth Century British Literature. Volume 10: New York. Peter Lang Publishing. 2012.
HILDER, Monika B.. Studies in Twentieth Century British Literature, Volume 10 : Feminine Ethos in C. S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia; Preface by Elizabeth Baird Hardy. New York, NY, USA: Peter Lang Publishing, 2012.
HURWITZ, Siegmund. Lilith: Die Erste Eva: Eine Studie uber dunkle Aspekte des Weiblichen, Zurich: Daimon Verlag, 1980.
IANNELLO, Katherine P. Third-Wave Feminism and Individualism: Promoting Equality or Reinforcing the Status Quo?. In: WHITAKER, Lois Duke. Women in Politics: Outsiders or Insiders? A Collection of Readings. Boston: Longman. 1998.
JAKOBSON, Roman. On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. In: BROWER, R.A (ed.), On Translation. Cambridge: Havard University Press, 1959, p 232-239.
KRACAUER, Sigfried. Theory of Film. New York: O.U.P. 1965.
LEFEVERE, Andre. Mother Courage’s cumcumbers: text, system and refraction in a theory of literature. The translation studies reader. 3rd ed. Routledge. 2012. p. 203-219.
LEWIS, C.S. The Chronicles of Narnia: The lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, 1950.
MARKKANEN, Raita. Feminism and spiritual heroism in C. S. Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia. Master in English Language and Literature. University of Tampere. 2016. Available at < https://trepo.tuni.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/99094/GRADU-1464350817.pdf;sequence=1 > Access: August 2019.
MCFARLANE, Brian. Novel to Film: an introduction to the theory of adaptation. Oxford: Clarendom Press. 1996.
MCSPORRAN, Cathy. Daughters of Lilith: Witches and Wicked Women in The Chronicles of Narnia. In: Revisiting Narnia: Fantasy, Myth and Religion in C. S. Lewis’ Chronicles, ed. S. Caughey, Dallas: Benbella Books, p. 191-204. 2005.
NATIONAL ARMY MUSEUM. A timeline for women in the army. 2018. Avilable at < https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/timeline-women-army> Access: September.2018.
PLAZA, J. Tradução Intersemiótica. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 1987.
PULLMAN, Phillip. The Dark Side of Narnia: the Cumberland River lamp post. The Guardian. 1998. Available at < www.crlamppost.org/darkside.htm> Access: June 2013.
RODRIGUEZ, Susana. Boy-Girls and Girl-Beasts: The Gender Paradox in C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia. In ABATE, Michelle Ann; WELDY, Lance. (Eds.) The Chronicles of Narnia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. p. 186-198
SMELIK, Annek. Feminist Film Theory. In: COOK, Pam; BERNINK, Mieke (Eds.). The Cinema Book. 1999. London: British Film Institute. p. 491-501.
THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE LION, THE WITCH AND THE WARDROBE Direção: Andrew Adamson. Produção: Mark Johnson
Phillip Steuer.UK & USA: Walt Disney Pictures Walden Media, 2005, DVD (145 min), widescreen, color.
TIBURI, Marcia. Feminismo em comum: para todas, todas e todos. 6ª ed. – Rio de Janeiro: Rosa dos Tempos,2018.
TOWNS, Rachel. Turkish Delights and Sardines with Tea: Food as a Framework for Exploring Nationalism, Gender, and Religion in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. 2012.
WOOLF, Virginia. The Cinema. In: the Nation and Athaneaum. London. 1926.
ZETTEL, Sarah. Why I love Narnia: a liberal, feminist agnostic tell all. In: CAUGHY, Shanna. Revisting Narnia: fantasy, myth and religion in C. S. Lewis’ chronicles. Texas. Benbelle. 2005. p. 181-190.
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GOMES, Francisco Wellington Borges; RIBEIRO, Isabella Nojosa. Translating Lucy: An analysis of cinematic strategies to the empowerment of a female character in C. S. Lewis’ Chronicles of Narnia. Literartes, São Paulo, Brasil, v. 1, n. 12, p. 112–143, 2020. DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9826.literartes.2020.168938. Disponível em: https://revistas.usp.br/literartes/article/view/168938.. Acesso em: 3 jan. 2025.
