Unveiling Algorithmic Discrimination: Political Activism by the “Desvelar” project1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-2593.organicom.2024.225660Keywords:
algorithmic discrimination, political activism, Global South, strategic communication, artificial intelligenceAbstract
Artificial intelligence raises sociopolitical and ethical debates related to human rights. Despite advances in the literature, few organizations address cases of algorithmic racism. Thus, this study maps cases compiled by the Desvelar - Justiça Racial na Inteligência Artificial e TICs. Thematic analysis was applied to 145 cases from 2010 to 2024. This study highlights the importance of communication spaces to disseminate and denounce the effects of the pervasive advances of artificial intelligence.
Downloads
References
ALBU, Oana Brindusa. Dis/Ordering: The Use of Information and Communication Technologies by Human Rights Civil Society Organizations. In: VASQUEZ, Consuelo; KUHN, Timothy (Orgs.). Dis/organization as Communication: Exploring the Disordering, Disruptive and Chaotic Properties of Communication. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2019. p. 15-172
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL. Inside the NYPD’s Surveillance Machine, 2022. Disponível em: https://banthescan.amnesty.org/decode/. Acesso em: 8 fev. 2024.
BEZERRA, Arthur, Coelho; COSTA, Camila Mattos da. Pele negra, algoritmos brancos: informação e racismo nas redes sociotécnicas. LIINC em Revista, Rio de Janeiro, v. 18, n. 2, e6043, 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.18617/liinc.v18i2.6043.
BUOLAMWINI, Joy. Project Overview Gender Shades. MIT Media Lab, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/gender-shades/overview/. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2024.
CRENSHAW, Kimberlé W. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, Stanford, v. 43, n. 6, p. 1241‑1299, 1991. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039.
DESVELAR. Sobre. Brasil, 2024. Disponível em: https://desvelar.org/sobre/. Acesso em: August 3, 2024.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI | Shaping Europe’s digital future. 2019. Disponível em:
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2024.
FOUCAULT, Michel. Il faut défendre la société ; cours au collège de France, 1976. Local de publicação : Seuil, 1997.
HAMMER, Ricarda; PARK, Tina. The ghost in the algorithm: Racial colonial capitalism and the digital age. In: WHITE, Alexandre I. R.; KING, Katrina Quisumbing (Eds.). Global Historical Sociology of Race and Racism. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021. p. 221-249.
ITU – International Telecomunication Union. World Summit on the Information Society: Outcome Documents. Geneva; Tunis: World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS); ITU, 2012. Disponível em: http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/pub/8061d4dd-en. Acesso em: February 13, 2024.
KOSTICK-QUENET; Kristin M.; COHEN, I Glenn GERKE, Sara LO, Bernard, ANTAKI, James MOVAHEDI, Faezah BLUMENTHAL-BARBY, Jenny S. Mitigating Racial Bias in Machine Learning. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Massachusetts, v. 50, n. 1, p. 92-100, 2022. doi:10.1017/jme.2022.13
MBEMBE, Achille. Necropolitics. Durham: Duke University Press, 2019.
NOBLE, Safiya. Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism. New York: NYU Press, 2018.
QUADFLIEG, Sven; NEUBURG, Klaus; NESTLER, Simon. (Dis)obedience in Digital Societies: Perspectives on the Power of Algorithms and Data Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2022.
PAILLÉ, Pierre; MUCCHIELLI, Alex. L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales. 4e ed. Paris: Armand Colin, 2016.
SILVA, Tarcízio. Teoria Racial Crítica e Comunicação Digital: conexões contra a dupla opacidade. In: POLIVANOV, Beatriz; ARAÚJO, William; OLIVEIRA, Caio; SILVA, Tarcízio (Orgs.). Fluxos em redes sociotécnicas: das micronarrativas ao big data. São Paulo: Intercom, 2019. p. 127-157.
SILVA, Tarcízio. Racismo Algorítmico: inteligência artificial e discriminação nas redes digitais. São Paulo: Edições Sesc, 2022.
SILVA, Mozart Linhares da; ARAÚJO, Willian Fernandes. Biopolítica, racismo estrutural-algorítmico e subjetividade. Educação Unisinos, [s. l.], v. 24, n. 1, p. 1-20, 2020.
SILVEIRA, Sérgio Amadeu; SILVA, Tarcízio. Controvérsias Sobre Danos Algorítmicos: Discursos Corporativos Sobre Discriminação Codificada. Revista Observatório, Palmas, v. 6, n. 4, p. 1-17, 2020.
SOUSA, Francisco C.; LIMA, Gabriela R. Racismo algorítmico em plataformas de Inteligência Artificial Generativa. In: MARANHÃO, Juliano (Org.). Facetas jurídicas da Inteligência Artificial Generativa. São Paulo: Legal Grounds Institute, 2023, v. 1. p. 181-200.
SUE, Derald W.; CAPODILUPO, Christina M.; TORINO, Gina C.; BUCCERI, Jennifer M.; HOLDER, Aisha NADAL, Kevin L.; ESQUILIN, Marta. Racial Microaggressions In Everyday Life: Implications For Clinical Practice. American Psychologist, Washington, DC, v. 62, n. 4, p. 271-286, 2007.
TYNES, Brendesha M.; LOZADA, Fantasy T.; SMITH, Naila A.; STEWART, Ashley M. From Racial Microaggressions To Hate Crimes: A Model Of Online Racism Based On The Lived Experiences Of Adolescents Of Color. Microaggression Theory: Influence And Implications, [s. l.], p. 194-212, 2018.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriela Rabello de Lima, Maurício Silveira Cardoso , Consuelo Vásquez Donoso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
A submissão implica a cessão de direitos da primeira publicação à revista Organicom, sem pagamento. Os autores podem estabelecer por separado acordos adicionais para a distribuição não exclusiva de versão da obra publicada na revista (como colocar em um repositório institucional ou publicar um livro), com o devido reconhecimento de sua publicação inicial na revista Organicom.
