Suicidal Ideation in University Students: a Rorschach Assessment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3330Keywords:
Rorschach test, suicide, perceptual distortion, stress, mental healthAbstract
University students are particularly susceptible to suicidal ideation and behavior due to issues inherent to this vital lives’ moment. The Rorschach test can help to understand these students’ suffering. The objective was to evaluate perception, thinking, stress, and distress in the Rorschach test domains in university students attended at a public university mental health service, comparing students with suicidal ideation with those without it. A total of 36 students aged 18 or over were assessed. The instruments were: Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Two analyses were performed using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test, according to the presence of suicidal ideation in the last 30 days (SRQ-20) and in the last six months (C-SSRS). Statistically significant differences were found in the two analyses, indicative of greater perceptual distortion in students without suicidal ideation and of stress and distress in students with ideation.
Downloads
References
Akram, U., Ypsilanti, A., Gardani, M., Irvine, K., Allen, S., Akram, A., Drabble, J., Bickle, E., Kaye, L., Lipinski, D., Matuszyk, E., Sarlak, H., Steedman, E., & Lazuras, L. (2020). Prevalence and psychiatric correlates of suicidal ideation in UK university students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 272, 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.185
Blasczyk-Schiep, S., Kazén, M., Kuhl, J., & Grygielski, M. (2011). Appraisal of suicidal risk among adolescents and young adults through the Rorschach test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93(5), 518-526. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2011.594130
Cassorla, R. M. S. (2017). Suicídio: Fatores inconscientes e aspectos socioculturais: Uma introdução [Suicide: Unconscious factors and sociocultural aspects: An introduction]. Blucher.
Costa, A. C. B., Mariusso, L. M., Canassa, T. C., Previdelli, I. T. S., & Porcu, M. (2019). Risk factors for suicidal behavior in a university population in Brazil: A retrospective study. Psychiatry Research, 278, 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.039
Holdaway, A. S., Luebbe, A. M., & Becker, S. P. (2018). Rumination in relation to suicide risk, ideation, and attempts: Exacerbation by poor sleep quality? Journal of Affective Disorders, 236, 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.087
Liu, C. H., Stevens, C., Wong, S. H. M., Yasui, M., & Chen, J. A. (2019). The prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses and suicide among U.S. college students: Implications for addressing disparities in service use. Depression and Anxiety, 36(1), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22830
Mari, J. J., & Williams, P. (1986). A validity study of a psychiatric Screening Questionnaire (SRQ-20) in primary care in the city of Sao Paulo. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.148.1.23
Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., Erard, R. E., & Erdberg, P. (2011). Rorschach Performance Assessment System: Administration, Coding, Interpretation, and Technical Manual. Rorschach Performance Assessment System, LLC.
Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. (2017). Perfil epidemiológico das tentativas e óbitos por suicídio no Brasil e a rede de atenção à saúde [Epidemiological profile of suicide attempts and deaths in Brazil and the health care network]. Boletim Epidemiológico, 48(30), 1-14. https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2017025PerfilepidemiologicodastentativaseobitosporsuicidionoBrasilearededeatenaoasade.pdf
Pianowski, G., Meyer, G. J., Villemor-Amaral, A. E., Zuanazzi, A. C., & Nascimento, R. S. G. F. (2021). Does the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) differ from the Comprehensive System (CS) on variables relevant to interpretation? Journal of Personality Assessment, 103(1), 132-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1677678
Posner, K., Brent, D., Lucas, C., Gould, M., Stanley, B., Brown, G., Fisher, P., Zelazny, J., Burke, A., Oquendo, M., & Mann, J. (2008). Escala de avaliação do risco de suicídio de Columbia (C-SSRS): Base de partida/Versão de triagem de 14/01/2009 [Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Baseline/ Screening 01/14/2009] (ICON Language Services, Trans.). The Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene. https://bit.ly/3sc4lXI
Ramírez, E. G. L., Delgado, Y. K., Volpato, R. J., Claudio, J. C. M., Pinho, P. H., & Vargas, D. (2020). Suicidal ideation in gender and sexual minority students in the largest Brazilian University. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(6), 467-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.08.004
Schneider, A. M. A., Bandeira, D. R., & Meyer, G. J. (2022). Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) interrater reliability in a Brazilian adolescent sample and comparisons with three other studies. Assessment, 29(5), 859-871. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191120973075
Sojer, P., Kainbacher, S., Hüfner, K., Freudenthaler, H., Kemmler, G., & Deisenhammer, E. A. (2021). The association of intrapersonal trait emotional intelligence and resilience with suicidal ideation in university students. Psychiatria Danubina, 33(3), 298-305. https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2021.298
Sousa, G. S., Ramos, B. M. D., Tonaco, L. A. B., Reinaldo, A. M. D. S., Pereira, M. O., & Botti, N. C. L. (2021). Factors associated with suicide ideation of healthcare university students. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75(Suppl. 3), e20200982. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0982
Wang, Y. H., Shi, Z. T., & Luo, Q. Y. (2017). Association of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among university students in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 96(13), e6476. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006476
World Health Organization. (2020). WHO methods and data sources for country-level causes of death 2000-2019. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_cod_methods.pdf
World Health Organization. (2021a). Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/341728/9789240026643-eng.pdf?sequence=1
World Health Organization. (2021b). Live life: An implementation guide for suicide prevention in countries. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/341726/9789240026629-eng.pdf?sequence=1
Wu, S. Y., & Zhao, H. J. (2009). The relationship between life stress, depression and suicide ideation among undergraduates. Modern Preventive Medicine, 36(15), 2918-2919.
Zare, F., Bakhshani, N., & Fardin, M. (2022). Rorschach suicide indicators and constellation: A narrative review. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 11(3), e124044. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-124044
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Regarding the availability of contents, Paideia adopts the Creative Commons License, CC-BY. With this licence anyone is allowed to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as to remix, transform, and create from the material for any purpose, even commercial, giving the proper copyright credits to the journal, providing a link to the licence and indicating if changes have been made.
Partial reproduction of other publications
Quotations of more than 500 words, reproductions of one or more figures, tables or other illustrations must have written permission from the copyright holder of the original work for the reproduction specified in the Paidéia journal. Permission should be addressed to the author of the submitted manuscript. Secondarily obtained rights will not be transferred under any circumstance.