Fossetas e cavidades cefálicas nos escudos parietais das serpentes Caenophidia e sua correspondência na caixa craniana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v24i2p201-221Palavras-chave:
Anatomia craniana, Colubroidea, Fossa parietal, Fosseta parietal, Forâmen parietalResumo
Análises anatômicas e osteológicas em várias espécies de serpentes pertencentes ao clado Caenophidia levaram à identificação de diferentes estruturas presentesnos escudos cefálicos. Estas estão presentes principalmente nos escudos parietais, manifestando-se de diferentes formas. “Fossetas parietais maiores”, geralmente simétricas, ocorrem no centro dos escudos parietais, mais ou menos distanciadas medialmente umas das outras. Estas podem se apresentar circulares, lineares, separadas, conjuntas ou em contato com a margem lateral do escudo parietal por uma fenda. Juntamente com as fossetas, foi observada uma nova característica distinta nos escudos parietais de diferentes espécies de colubróides, aqui denominada “fossetas parietais”. As fossas e fossetas parietais estão situadas em correspondência com os forâmenes emparelhados no plano dorsal do osso parietal, que por sua vez correspondem ventralmente à epífise e ao contato entre os hemisférios cefálicos e os lobos ópticos. Outras fossas podem estar presentes em certas espécies, ocorrendo mais posteriormente nos escudos parietais ou nos escudos supraoculares, em correspondência com as forâmenes e fossas neurovasculares presentes nos ossos cranianos subjacentes. Uma segunda categoria de fossas também foi encontrada, aqui denominadas “fossetas menores”, que aparecem aleatoriamente dentro dos escudos cefálicos e também estão ligadas às forâmenes neurovasculares presentes nos ossos cranianos correspondentes. Um terceiro tipo de fosseta, distinto dos outros, é a “fosseta posterior medial”, que foi encontrada em serpentes aquáticas. Esta ocorre na metade posterior do contato medial dos escudos parietais e corresponde a um grande forâmen central no ápice posterior do plano do osso parietal, abrindo-se ventralmente dentro de um canal entre as duas fossetas que cobrem os lobos ópticos. Todas essas características foram observadas em um grande número de serpentes pertencentes às famílias Colubridae, Natricidae, Psammophiidae, Atractaspididae, Pareidae, Xenodermidae, Micrelapidae e Elapidae. Estas não representam uma constante dentro dos táxons examinados, mas ocorre em uma parte dos espécimes de uma determinadaespécie. As fossas e cavidades parecem ser expressões superficiais esporádicas correspondentes a forâmenes neurovasculares presentes nos ossos cranianos subjacentes.
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